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1978
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80145-0
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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia associated with homolateral upper limb malformation: A study of possible pathogenesis in four cases

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Cited by 38 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…The limb reductions previously described have included severe phocomelia with small ossicles and digits articulating with a hypoplastic scapula, hypoplastic humerus and forearm, absent radius and missing digits, and hypoplastic forearm and digits. 5,9,10 In our patient the homolateral limb reduction was essentially complete. Only a malformed scapula was present on the left side.…”
supporting
confidence: 51%
“…The limb reductions previously described have included severe phocomelia with small ossicles and digits articulating with a hypoplastic scapula, hypoplastic humerus and forearm, absent radius and missing digits, and hypoplastic forearm and digits. 5,9,10 In our patient the homolateral limb reduction was essentially complete. Only a malformed scapula was present on the left side.…”
supporting
confidence: 51%
“…Neural crest cells possibly also participate in the formation of the diaphragm [McCredie and Reid, 1978] and of the derivatives of the intermediate mesoderm, including the Mü llerian duct, the mesonephros, and the mesonephric duct from which the ureteric bud arises [Le Douarin, 1982;Sariola et al, 1989]. Renal anomalies are reported in 38% and genital anomalies in 78% of the cases of Fryns syndrome.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is also in agreement with observations from population-based studies on limb deficiencies, where diaphragmatic defects occurred in 3 of 18 liveborn cases with complete absence of the lower limbs [Froster and Baird, 19901. Five sporadic cases were described by McCredie and Reid [1978], with a combination of limb deficiencies and diaphragmatic hernia. There are several syndromes which can clearly be differentiated on clinical criteria: The syndrome described by Fryns et al [19791 has only smaller acral defects of the limbs (such as hypoplastic fingernails and distal phalanges), cloudy cornea, and holoprosencephaly.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%