Congenital Cystic Disease of the Tracheobronchial Tree in Infants and Children

Abstract

Congenital cystic disease of the tracheobronchial tree can be diagnosed with computed tomography and selective use of ultrasonography and arteriography. Lobectomy is the appropriate treatment for CAM, CLO, and intralobar PS and is well tolerated without any subsequent long-term limitation in physical activity.

Broncopulmonary foregut malformations presenting as mass lesions in children: spectrum of imaging findings

“…Several malformations that present as mass lesions have been described, some of which include bronchogenic cyst (BC), pulmonary sequestration (PS), congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) [currently named as congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM)], congenital lobar emphysema (CLA) [currently named as congenital lobar overinflation (CLO)], bronchial atresia, and congenital pulmonary cyst (CPC) (1)(2)(3)(4). Moreover, combinations of those malformations (hybrid malformations) have also been described (2,(5)(6)(7). These malformations can manifest in various ways from respiratory distress at birth to incidental findings on chest radiograph.…”

Refractory Wheeze: A Rare Presentation of Mediastinal Type Bronchogenic Cyst In A Child

“…[7] An accurate diagnosis needs CT or MRI scan with or without the use of ultrasonogram. [8] CT scan identifies the cysts as well-defined, discrete, non-enhancing masses. The fluid within the cyst may appear to vary from water density to higher density according to its content.…”

Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration in a Neonate

“…EPS has many related anomalies at a ratio of approximately 65%, such as an accessory spleen, complex heart disease, and diaphragmatic hernia (14). Other associated abnormalities include communication with the esophagus or stomach (T-E fistula), bronchogenic cysts, vertebral abnormalities, megacolon, and cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung.…”

“…A fistula between the sequestration and the digestive tract or direct invasion from pneumonia in the surrounding lung may occur in patients with pulmonary sequestration. Heart failure and hemoptysis are other known complications (14,15). The diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration is confirmed using imaging modalities, such as angiography, computed tomography (CT), MRI, ultrasonography (US), and chest radiographs (CR) (16).…”