Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies for the Pathologist

Steffensen, Thora S.; Spicer, Diane E.

doi:10.3109/15513815.2014.966182

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…CHD is the most common type of birth defect, manifesting as obstacles in the process of embryonic heart or blood vessel development, which may result in the morphology, structure, function and metabolic abnormalities of heart and blood vessels (2,3,5). According to the statistics, CHD has become the first reason for birth defects and the main cause of perinatal death and death in children (2).…”

Section: Related Enzymes Of Histone Lysine Methylation and Congenitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Congenital heart disease (CHD) involves the anatomical structure abnormality caused by the formation of obstacles or the abnormal development of the heart and great vessels during the period of embryonic development, or a group of congenital malformations with actual or potential influence on heart function arising from the open tunnels which should have selfclosed after childbirth. CHD mostly occurs during 2-8 weeks after impregnation, and it is the most common cardiovascular malformation affecting children; it severely affects the health of infants and young children (1)(2)(3)(4). At present, CHD is regarded as a multigene disease influenced by the environment and heredity; however, the pathogenesis of the disease and the underlying molecular mechanisms and interations between genes remain unclear (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histone lysine methylation and congenital heart disease: From bench to bedside (Review)

Jiang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Histone post-translational modifications (PTM) as one of the key epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that plays critical role in various biological processes, including regulating chromatin structure dynamics and gene expression. Histone lysine methyltransferase contributes to the establishment and maintenance of differential histone methylation status, which can recognize histone methylated sites and build an association between these modifications and their downstream processes. Recently, it was found that abnormalities in the histone lysine methylation level or pattern may lead to the occurrence of many types of cardiovascular diseases, such as congenital heart disease (CHD). In order to provide new theoretical basis and targets for the treatment of CHD from the view of developmental biology and genetics, this review discusses and elaborates on the association between histone lysine methylation modifications and CHD.

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Section: Related Enzymes Of Histone Lysine Methylation and Congenitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone lysine methylation and congenital heart disease: From bench to bedside (Review)

Jiang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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“…Fortuitously, not all ACAOS are thought to be pathologic; features of an ACAOS that have been identified to have the greatest associated morbidity include a slit-like ostium, an acute angle takeoff, and an interarterial course, particularly if there is an intramural component (21, 27, 30, 31). The slit-like ostium and acute angle takeoff presumably compromise the flow reserve and may result in decreased flow and cause valve like closure of the orifice, though one study found that these features did not constitute a “high risk” ACAOS (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the interarterial course itself may be pathologic, there is little doubt that arteries with an intramural segment within the aortic wall after takeoff are at significant risk and carry a higher morbidity and mortality (21, 27, 30, 47). The intramural course may result in impingement of the coronary artery segment with expansion of the aortic root during diastole or during systolic contraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larger population studies have also shown a higher percentage of ACAOS in males for the most part, though this could also be biased by the fact that males are more likely to undergo imaging studies for cardiac disease (7, 8, 14, 28). Symptomatic individuals are also more likely to be of younger age, often presenting in childhood or the teenage years, with most case reports and larger studies showing the vast majority of patients are less than 30 years of age (20, 21, 26, 27, 29, 30, 33–35, 38, 41). At one extreme, a 13-month-old child with R-ACAOS presented with sudden death after episodes of apnea during the preceding months (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coronary Artery Anomalies: Benign Entities or Pathologic Findings?

Batalis

Wassum

2015

Academic Forensic Pathology

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Many cases of sudden, natural death have obvious gross or histologic pathology to which the death can be attributed fairly easily. Sometimes, though, one encounters a death in which an abnormal finding is identified, but there is some hesitancy in attributing the death to it as one may be unfamiliar with the significance of the finding or has encountered it many times before in cases where death was clearly due to something else. Coronary artery anomalies firmly fit into this category for many pathologists. Anomalous origin of the coronary arteries is an uncommon anomaly occurring in a fraction of a percent of individuals, so one may only encounter one or two deaths with this lesion in his/her career. Without past experiences to rely upon, one may be unsure about the severity of the lesion and inadvertently dismiss a significant anomaly or attribute death to a benign variant. Myocardial bridging is on the other end of the spectrum. This entity is seen so commonly that many consider it to be a normal variant and entirely benign and incidental. While this may be true in the majority of individuals, myocardial bridging may cause cardiac dysfunction in a small subset of people. This manuscript will review the anatomy and potential pathophysiology of these anomalies with the goal of aiding the pathologist in certifying deaths in which they are encountered.

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Anomalias congénitas das artérias coronárias

Silva

Baptista

Araújo

2018

Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia

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Congenital coronary artery anomalies are modifications of their origin, course or structure and its incidence varies between 0,2 and 5,6% of the general population. Although the majority is asymptomatic, they are the second leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. The aim of this study is to highlight the main anomalies with hemodynamic significance, including the anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus and anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from pulmonary artery. The anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus accounts for 14-16% of all cardiac deaths, that unexpectedly occur in healthy children or young athletes during or immediately after exercise. The mechanism responsible for the compression/occlusion of the coronary artery originating from the opposite sinus is still unclear and there are several proposed mechanisms. The clinical presentation of these patients is variable and physical examination is normal in most individuals. Transthoracic echocardiogram is the diagnostic test most commonly used. Treatment and management are controversial topic. The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from pulmonary artery is a very rare condition and without surgery, most infants die within the first 12 months of life. The echocardiogram is also the method of choice for diagnostic confirmation. The diagnosis of this congenital anomaly in an infant, usually seriously ill, is an indication for urgent surgery. Because these anomalies produce hemodynamic changes, it is important an early diagnosis and treatment.

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Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies for the Pathologist

Cited by 5 publications

References 88 publications

Histone lysine methylation and congenital heart disease: From bench to bedside (Review)

Histone lysine methylation and congenital heart disease: From bench to bedside (Review)

Coronary Artery Anomalies: Benign Entities or Pathologic Findings?

Anomalias congénitas das artérias coronárias

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