Congenital Coronary Artery Abnormalities Predisposing to Sudden Cardiac Death

Frommelt, Peter C.

doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2009.02387.x

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…48 Clinical symptoms, such as exertional chest discomfort or dyspnea, may be helpful, but 2 reports suggest that 50% of SCDs associated with coronary artery anomalies were first events without prior symptoms. 46,49 The best methods for identifying the anomaly include coronary angiography, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography. Although not uniformly successful, athletes undergoing echocardiographic studies for any reason should have careful attempts to identify the origins of the coronary arteries.…”

Section: Congenital Coronary Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 4: Congenital Heart Disease

Hare¹,

Ackerman²,

Evangelista³

et al. 2015

Circulation

162

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Section: Congenital Coronary Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 4: Congenital Heart Disease

Hare¹,

Ackerman²,

Evangelista³

et al. 2015

Circulation

162

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“…61,62 The most frequent anatomic findings consist of both (left and right) coronary arteries arising either from the right or the left coronary sinus. In both conditions, as the anomalous coronary vessel leaves the aorta, it adopts an acute angle with the aortic wall, and, thus, traverses between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk, often following an aortic intramural course, with a slit-like lumen.…”

Section: Congenital Coronary Artery Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death in young people and athletes

Corrado

Zorzi

2018

Ital J Med

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The sudden death (SD) of a young subject or athlete, though rare, is a tragic event, which devastates families, institutions (high school, college, or professional organization), the community, and sports medicine team. It is widely publicized by media with the implication that such a fatality is preventable. The beginning of the year 2018 was notorious for SD in young athletes, with three tragic events occurring in top-level athletesincluding a 31-year-old Italian soccer player, a 25-yearold Croatian soccer player, and a 22-year-old Belgian cyclist. These events have revived the debate regarding the need for a cardiovascular evaluation of young individuals embarking on the career of athletes and the best screening protocol.The most common mechanism of cardiac arrest leading to SD is abrupt ventricular fibrillation as a consequence of an underlying cardiovascular disease. 1The culprit diseases are often clinically silent and unlikely to be suspected or diagnosed on the basis of spontaneous symptoms.2 The long-running Italian experience with medical evaluation of young individuals before their participation in sports has provided compelling evidence that screening the young populations for at-risk cardiac diseases offers the potential to identify asymptomatic athletes who have potentially lethal cardiovascular abnormalities and may protect them from the risk of SD. 3 This article reviews the epidemiology, the causes and the mechanisms of SD in young people and athletes and addresses risk stratification and prevention strategies. Epidemiology IncidenceThe assessment of the precise frequency of SD is hampered by the retrospective nature of most analyses. The risk of SD generally increases with age and is greater in men. In the general population of middle-age and elderly subjects the estimated rate of SD ranges from 1-2/1000/year; in comparison, a significantly lower incidence of fatal events has been reported in young people and athletes (≤35 years). 3-29A prospective study in Italy reported a cumulative annual incidence of SD of about 1 per 100,000 young individuals.3 Among the non-athletic young people the incidence was 0.9/100,000/year, whereas the prevalence of fatalities among young competitive Sudden cardiac death in young people and athletes ABSTRACTThe sudden death of a young subject or athlete is a rare but tragic event. The most common mechanism of cardiac arrest leading to sudden death is abrupt ventricular fibrillation as a consequence of an underlying cardiovascular disease. The culprit diseases are often clinically silent and unlikely to be suspected or diagnosed on the basis of spontaneous symptoms. The longrunning Italian experience with medical evaluation of young individuals before their participation in sports has provided compelling evidence that screening the young populations for at-risk cardiac diseases offers the potential to identify asymptomatic athletes who have potentially lethal cardiovascular abnormalities and may protect them from the risk of sudden death. In this review we wil...

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“…The effect of such abnormalities are diverse, ranging from insignificance to a predisposition to clot formation, atherosclerosis or spasm,75 76 to severe disruption in myocardial perfusion and critical ischaemia. In patients younger than 35 years, coronary artery anomalies are responsible for 17% of SCDs which occur in competitive athletes 77. A particularly severe abnormality is an aberrant origin of the left main stem coronary artery (originating from the right sinus of Valsalva) requiring the left main coronary artery to traverse behind or within the wall of the aorta.53 This can result in ischaemia or arrhythmia, particularly during periods of increased cardiac output, due to decreased coronary blood flow from either abnormal orientation of the vessel, or by external compression.…”

Section: Angina and Stable Cadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary artery disease in the military patient

Parsons

White

Gill³

et al. 2015

J R Army Med Corps

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Ischaemic heart disease is the most common cause of sudden death in the UK, and the most common cardiac cause of medical discharge from the Armed Forces. This paper reviews current evidence pertaining to the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease from a military perspective, encompassing stable angina and acute coronary syndromes. Emphasis is placed on the limitations inherent in the management of acute coronary syndromes in the deployed environment. Occupational issues affecting patients with coronary artery disease are reviewed. Consideration is also given to the potential for coronary artery disease screening in the military, and the management of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors, to help decrease the prevalence of coronary artery disease in the military population.

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Congenital Coronary Artery Abnormalities Predisposing to Sudden Cardiac Death

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 4: Congenital Heart Disease

Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 4: Congenital Heart Disease

Sudden cardiac death in young people and athletes

Coronary artery disease in the military patient

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