Congenital Anomalies and their Outcomes in the Neonate Intensive Care Unit in Misurata Center

Abstract

Background and objective. Congenital anomalies are a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. This study examined the prevalence, types, and associated risk factors of congenital anomalies and their outcomes in infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Misurata Hospital, Libya, from January to December 2022. Methods. A retrospective review of medical records of infants with congenital anomalies admitted to the NICU of Misurata Hospital from January to December 2022 was conducted. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, maternal factors, and outcomes were collected. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. Results. A total of 53 infants with congenital anomalies were included. The mortality rate was 34%. The most prevalent anomalies were congenital heart defects, hypospadias, cleft lip and palate, hydrocephalus, and syndromic baby. Cesarean section, sepsis, maternal age over 35 years, high parity, polyhydramnios, diabetes mellitus, and oligohydramnios were associated with increased risk of mortality or congenital anomalies. Conclusions. Congenital anomalies pose a substantial burden on neonatal health in this setting. Cesarean section, sepsis, and specific maternal factors were identified as risk factors. These findings underscore the importance of tailored care for mothers and infants with congenital anomalies to improve outcomes.