Congenital Absence of the Pulmonary Valve and Dysfunction of Fetal Duct – Source of Wide Spec-Trum of Cardiovascular Pathology
Abstract:Goal: Congenital absent pulmonary valve with dysfunction and/or atypical ductus Botalli dysfunction (APV/DBD) may cause a wide spectrum of heart anomalies. The goal of this study is to describe the clinical appearance, present prenatal (fetal) and postnatal diagnostic methods, course, and outcome of this rare entity which is often overlooked. Methods and results: We present four patients, all with the entity manifested as an absent (dysfunctional) pulmonary valve with various stenosis and insufficiency degrees… Show more
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