Congenital absence of the penis

Gillies, Sir Harold; Harrison, R. J.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1226(48)80006-8

Cited by 129 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Other cases of males with Robinow syndrome and similar genital anomalies have been described [Wilcox et al, 1997]; it was shown that the penile crura in such boys are formed normally but inserted abnormally onto the medial aspect of the ischial tuberosity instead of onto the pubic bone. The third patient, with no associated defects, had a remnant of wrinkled skin with erectile tissue at the site of the urinary meatus, which may represent a case of severe micropenis [Gillies and Harrison, 1948]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the remaining 57 cases,-55 from the literature [Goeschler, 1829, described in Harris, 1898Collier, 1889;Rauber, 1890, described in Harris, 1898Harris, 1898;Roy, 1932;Drury and Schwarzell, 1935;Rukstinat and Hasterlik, 1939;McCrea, 1942;Lal, 1943;Gillies and Harrison, 1948;Bernardinelli et al, 1953;Haller et al, 1957;Richart and Benirschke, 1960;Attie, 1961;Hanafy et al, 1962;Carter et al, 1968;Azpiroz, 1971;Farah and Reno, 1972;Soderdahl et al, 1972;Antony and Chandrasekhara, 1973;Kessler and McLaughlin, 1973;Lisa et al, 1973;Rosenblum and Turner, 1973;Vera-Roman, 1973;Praharaj et al, 1976;Johnston et al, 1977;Koffler et al, 1978;Gautier et al, 1981;Roth et al, 1981;Berry et al, 1984;Gü rses et al, 1987;Oesch et al, 1987;Stolar et al, 1987;Dusmet et al, 1988;Kothare et al, 1988;Talwar and Kapoor, 1988;Martinez Tallo et al, 1989;Skoog and Belman, 1989;Gilbert et al, 1990;…”

Section: Materials and Methods: Analysis Of Associated Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agenesis of the penis: Patterns of associated malformations

et al. 1999

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Agenesis of the penis is a rare malformation that occurs in otherwise normal males or together with other anomalies. In this article, we document unusual patterns of malformations in four such infants and analyze the nature and incidence of defects in 57 cases by clinical evaluation and numerical classification techniques. Although patients with this condition previously have been divided into groups based on the position of the urethral meatus in relation to the anus (presphincteric, postsphincteric, urethral atresia), our analyses suggest that most cases can be classified into either a severe form (16%) with renal aplasia or dysplasia and other caudal anomalies or a second group (72%) with low mortality and fewer additional malformations. The remaining cases in our group represented unique patterns stemming from a variety of causes, including etretinate embryopathy and the human homologue of the disorganization mutation. Agenesis of the penis occurs as a consequence of single gene disorders, teratogenic effects, or malformation sequences and associations and in unrecognized patterns of anomalies. It thus should be considered a developmental field defect. Its concurrence with scrotal hypoplasia, absent raphe, and anal anomalies implies a major disturbance of the caudal mesoderm. In such cases, severe renal defects are usually seen, and the prognosis is poor. When the patient has a patent urethra and normal scrotum, raphe, and testes, however, penile agenesis may be a localized malformation of the genital tubercle potentially related to penoscrotal transposition, a phylogenetic anomaly that is the normal genital arrangement in male marsupials, rabbits, and certain other mammals. Infants with isolated penile agenesis have generally done well. In the past, many were not treated; however, current recommendations are to use appropriate surgical and endocrine techniques to reassign female gender and enhance sexual and psychosocial functioning, though this approach is the subject of controversy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methods: Analysis Of Associated Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agenesis of the penis: Patterns of associated malformations

et al. 1999

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“…Total autogenous reconstruction of the adult penis has been reported since the late 1930s [2,7,9] phallic reconstruction with more predictable results [1,4,5,8].…”

Section: Phallic Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male external genitals reconstruction following tumor ablation

et al. 1992

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External genital reconstruction following tumor ablation presents reconstructive surgeons a great challenge. Male external genital structures are not easily replaced by extragenital tissues. Recent advances in the design of flaps and the use of microsurgical tissue transfer techniques have remarkably improved the functional and aesthetic results of genital reconstruction.Pseudostratified columnar epithelium within the urethra abuts the stratified squamous epithelium covering the glans penis and the inner surface of the prepuce in men and the clitoris and labia minora in women. This glabrous epithelium is continuous with the nonglabrous skin of the penile and clitoral shaft and the outer layer of the labia minora which are sparsely supplied with hair follicles and other skin appendages. This glabrous epithelial tissue is more likely to incur epithelial dysplasia and metaplasia than is the nonglabrous skin. Carcinomain-situ, known as erythroplasia of Queyrat, is characterized by a circumscribed, velvety, papillary red lesion on the glans penis, coronal sulcus, or inner face of the prepuce and in women, over the labia minora. If untreated, these lesions may progress to superficial ulceration and degenerate into squamous cell carcinoma. The treatment of carcinoma-in-situ is ablation of those cells with malignant potential.Mohs' micrographic surgery (MMS) (Fig.

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“…Female to male gender reassignment surgery was firstly performed by Sir Harold Gillies. [3] Despite the technologic developments and the new equipments, phalloplasty operation is still a dream-like operation. There are several indications for phalloplasty operation such as congenital anomalies (ambiguus genitalia, aphallia, epispadias, bladder exstrophy, micropenis, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mystery and realities of phalloplasty: a systematic review

Sarıkaya

Ralph

2017

Turkish Journal of Urology

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The neophallus creation is still a mystery and it remains challenging even today. In this article, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature regarding phalloplasty and penile reconstructive surgery between January 2008 and May 2016. In this review, we have included 15 research articles and the results of 276 patients were examined. Studies revealed several indications and when indications were reviewed, 191 patients were female-to-male transgender, 9 patients had disorder of sex development/micropenis, 16 had penile amputation/trauma, 9 had ambiguus genitalia, 40 had exstrophy and/or epispadias, 11 had other problems. As a result of this review, phalloplasty is a reliable and useful operation with good functional and aesthetical results.

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Congenital absence of the penis

Cited by 129 publications

References 4 publications

Agenesis of the penis: Patterns of associated malformations

Agenesis of the penis: Patterns of associated malformations

Male external genitals reconstruction following tumor ablation

Mystery and realities of phalloplasty: a systematic review

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