Congenital Absence of the Pectoral Muscles

Abstract

PINNING THT YJDAR STYLOIP PROCESS tIN~'COLLES'S FRA.CTURE. [ THE BRITISV 59 I.EIA JULA are not already closed by the disease. Sodium bromide was at first tried instead of lipiodol, but it was founid that it was very apt to soak the wool and escape. It is also as wteOl to alpply a piece of wet wool to the puacture lhole in the indferior rneatus as sooni as the needle has beeni removed, to p)revellt escape of lipiodol in this situation. Thie lipiodol may be remnoved with the Watson-Williams syringi,e, the needle of wlhichl can be placed in the puncture hole foirmerly made. In other cases, as the antrum will be op)ened surgically later, the lipiodol may be left inv situ till the operation, as it is sterile when injected. The accompanying figures are reproductions of anteroposterior x-ray photographs; they show a niormal maxillary-antrum injected with lipiodol, and ani antrum containing all epithelioma. In the latter the lipiodol has filled those parts of the antrum not occupied by the growth. The pieces of wool in tlle nose are well spen. NNNING THE FRACTURED ULNAR STYLOID PROCESS IN COLLES'S FRACTURE.

Bilateral asymmetric deficiency of the pectoralis major muscle

“…Bing cited the frequency of pectoral muscle anomalies at approximately 1 of 11,000 cases, but suggested that it may be an overestimation relative to other muscle anomalies because this malformation is more easily observed than other muscular defects. Adding to this number of cases, Wendel in 1905 (reviewed by Jones, 1926) reported on 70 cases that generally confirmed Bing's findings, and included the first report of bilateral pectoral muscle defects. Clark revisited the literature in 1915 and reported the number of cases of pectoral muscle defects to be 202.…”

“…The combination of a lack of the pectoralis major and/or minor muscles with skeletal, vascular, and surface feature anomalies in the ipsilateral upper limb has been referred to as Poland's syndrome. Poland's syndrome is the most common condition in which pectoral muscle anomalies are noted, with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 20,000 live births (Jones, 1926). Our case does not constitute Poland's syndrome because of the lack of accompanying skeletal or vascular deficits.…”

“…Jones (1926) related accounts by Burke (1902) of a baseball pitcher who lacked the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle in his throwing arm, and by Stinizig (in a review by Lengsfelder, 1902, cited in Jones, 1926 of an accomplished fencer who had a similar defect in his fencing arm. More recently, Lee and Chun (1991) presented a case of a 22-year-old soldier who lacked the entire pectoralis major and had only a rudimentary pectoralis minor with no significant functional deficit.…”

“…In 1902, Bing (reviewed by Jones, 1926) surveyed the extant literature and reported on 102 cases of anomalous pectoral muscles. The most common variation was the absence of the sternocostal head of pectoralis major muscle with concomitant hypertrophy of the clavicular head and absence of pectoralis minor.…”

Asociación Sindromática: Poland, Goldenhar, Moebius, Klippel-Feil. Presentación de un Caso Clínico

“…El SP es más com�n en hombres �ue en mujeres y es más frecuente en el lado derecho �ue en el iz�uierdo [1][2][3] . La definición antigua de SP incluía la combinación de la ausencia o hipoplasia de los m�sculos pectoral mayor y�o menor con anomalías es�ueléticas, cutáneas y subcutáneas en el hemitórax ipsilateral y grados variables de defectos en las extremidades superiores.…”