Congenic strains confirm aerobic running capacity quantitative trait loci on rat chromosome 16 and identify possible intermediate phenotypes

Ways, Justin A.; Smith, Brian M.; Barbato, John C.; Ramdath, Ramona; Pettee, Krista M.; DeRaedt, Sarah J.; Allison, David C.; Koch, Lauren G.; Lee, Soon Jin; Cicila, George T.

doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00027.2006

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In a follow-up study, chromosomes 16 and 3 of DA rats were introgressed into the genetic background of COP rats. The DA chromosome 16 congenic COP rats had significantly greater aerobic running capacity than the COP rats (366). Using a similar paradigm, Lightfoot and colleagues intercrossed inbred mouse strains displaying high and low maximal exercise endurance capacity (166).…”

Section: Genetics Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Muscle Strengthmentioning

confidence: 87%

Genomics and Genetics in the Biology of Adaptation to Exercise

Bouchard¹,

Rankinen²,

Timmons³

2011

Comprehensive Physiology

158

132

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This chapter is devoted to the role of genetic variation and gene-exercise interactions in the biology of adaptation to exercise. There is evidence from genetic epidemiology research that DNA sequence differences contribute to human variation in physical activity level, cardiorespiratory fitness in the untrained state, cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute exercise, and responsiveness to regular exercise. Methodological and technological advances have made it possible to undertake the molecular dissection of the genetic component of complex, multifactorial traits, such as those of interest to exercise biology, in terms of tissue expression profile, genes, and allelic variants. The evidence from animal models and human studies is considered. Data on candidate genes, genome-wide linkage results, genome-wide association findings, expression arrays, and combinations of these approaches are reviewed. Combining transcriptomic and genomic technologies has been shown to be more powerful as evidenced by the development of a recent molecular predictor of the ability to increase VO2max with exercise training. For exercise as a behavior and physiological fitness as a state to be major players in public health policies will require that that the role of human individuality and the influence of DNA sequence differences be understood. Likewise, progress in the use of exercise in therapeutic medicine will depend to a large extent on our ability to identify the favorable responders for given physiological properties to a given exercise regimen.

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Section: Genetics Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Muscle Strengthmentioning

confidence: 87%

Genomics and Genetics in the Biology of Adaptation to Exercise

Bouchard¹,

Rankinen²,

Timmons³

2011

Comprehensive Physiology

158

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over the past several years, studies examining both maximal endurance phenotypes and physical activity phenotypes in rodents have been reported in an effort to assess the genetic/biological factors involved in the regulation of these exercise behaviors [14, 18, 22, 23, 26, 27, 31, 32, 36, 40]. Given the relative consistency of these measures of exercise behaviors in humans (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VO 2 max tests) and in smaller reported cohorts of mice, all of which assessed repeatability of VO 2 max measurements [6, 17, 31], it has been natural to assume that these measures were repeatable in mice. In addition, given the fact that VO 2 max is a good predictor of exercise endurance in humans [5, 11], and has been shown repeatable, the assumption could be made that maximal endurance tests used to assess endurance in rodents [4, 18, 24, 40] would also be repeatable. Our finding of within strain consistency of overall endurance in different cohorts of mice over a six year period (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeatability of exercise behaviors in mice

Knab

Bowen

Moore-Harrison

et al. 2009

Physiology & Behavior

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Purpose-Measurements of exercise behaviors in rodents such as maximal treadmill endurance and physical activity are often used in the literature; however, minimal data are available regarding the repeatability of measurements used for these exercise behaviors. This study assessed the repeatability of a commonly used maximal exercise endurance treadmill test as well as voluntary physical activity measured by wheel running in mice.Methods-Repeatability of treadmill tests were analyzed for both inbred and outbred mice in addition to a 10 week repeatability analysis using Balb/cJ mice (n=20). Voluntary daily physical activity was assessed by distance, duration, and speed of wheel running (WR). Physical activity measurements on days 5 and 6 of WR in a large cohort (n=739) of both inbred and outbred mice were compared.Results-No significant differences (p>0.05) in exercise endurance were found between different cohorts of Balb/cJ and DBA/2J mice indicating strains overall generally test the same; however, significant differences between tests were seen within BaD2F 2 animals (p<0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed lack of agreement between weekly endurance tests within mouse, and correlation analysis showed lack of consistent correlations between weekly endurance tests within mouse. No significant differences were found for WR measurements within mouse between days (p=0.99). High correlations between days within mouse for WR were found (r=0.74-0.85).Conclusions-High intra-mouse variability between repeated endurance tests suggests that treadmill testing in an enclosed chamber with shock grid for motivation to run in mice is not repeatable. Conversely, high correlation and agreement between days of wheel running measurements suggest that voluntary activity (WR) is repeatable and stable within individual mice.

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“…Ways et al, 2007). Studies in rodents (see also Kumar et al, 2010) have identified a number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) that account for a statistically significant fraction of the variation in experimentally created mapping populations (e.g.…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Variation In Physical Activity and Related mentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Garland

Schutz

Chappell

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

376

434

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Summary Mammals expend energy in many ways, including basic cellular maintenance and repair, digestion, thermoregulation, locomotion, growth and reproduction. These processes can vary tremendously among species and individuals, potentially leading to large variation in daily energy expenditure (DEE). Locomotor energy costs can be substantial for large-bodied species and those with high-activity lifestyles. For humans in industrialized societies, locomotion necessary for daily activities is often relatively low, so it has been presumed that activity energy expenditure and DEE are lower than in our ancestors. Whether this is true and has contributed to a rise in obesity is controversial. In humans, much attention has centered on spontaneous physical activity (SPA) or non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), the latter sometimes defined so broadly as to include all energy expended due to activity, exclusive of volitional exercise. Given that most people in Western societies engage in little voluntary exercise, increasing NEAT may be an effective way to maintain DEE and combat overweight and obesity. One way to promote NEAT is to decrease the amount of time spent on sedentary behaviours (e.g. watching television). The effects of voluntary exercise on other components of physical activity are highly variable in humans, partly as a function of age, and have rarely been studied in rodents. However, most rodent studies indicate that food consumption increases in the presence of wheels; therefore, other aspects of physical activity are not reduced enough to compensate for the energetic cost of wheel running. Most rodent studies also show negative effects of wheel access on body fat, especially in males. Sedentary behaviours per se have not been studied in rodents in relation to obesity. Several lines of evidence demonstrate the important role of dopamine, in addition to other neural signaling networks (e.g. the endocannabinoid system), in the control of voluntary exercise. A largely separate literature points to a key role for orexins in SPA and NEAT. Brain reward centers are involved in both types of physical activities and eating behaviours, likely leading to complex interactions. Moreover, voluntary exercise and, possibly, eating can be addictive. A growing body of research considers the relationships between personality traits and physical activity, appetite, obesity and other aspects of physical and mental health. Future studies should explore the neurobiology, endocrinology and genetics of physical activity and sedentary behaviour by examining key brain areas, neurotransmitters and hormones involved in motivation, reward and/or the regulation of energy balance.

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Congenic strains confirm aerobic running capacity quantitative trait loci on rat chromosome 16 and identify possible intermediate phenotypes

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Genomics and Genetics in the Biology of Adaptation to Exercise

Genomics and Genetics in the Biology of Adaptation to Exercise

Repeatability of exercise behaviors in mice

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

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