Confocal microscopy with a high numerical aperture parabolic mirror

Drechsler, Andreas; Lieb, M.; Debus, Christian; Meixner, Alfred J.; Tarrach, G.

doi:10.1364/oe.9.000637

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Starting with a design of a low temperature confocal microscope using a parabolic mirror with high numerical aperture as focusing element (Drechsler et al ., 2001), a scanning near‐field optical microscope was developed. The experimental set‐up is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐field and confocal surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures

Anger

Feltz²,

Berghaus³

et al. 2003

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryFor laser spectroscopy at variable temperatures with high spatial resolution a combined scanning near-field optical and confocal microscope was developed. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye molecules dispersed on silver nano-particles or nano-clusters were investigated. For optical excitation of the molecules, either an aperture probe or a focused laser spot in confocal arrangement were employed. Raman spectra in the wavenumber range between 300 cm − 1 and 3000 cm − 1 at room temperatures down to 8.5 K were recorded. Many of the observed Raman lines can be associated with the structure of the adsorbed molecule. Intensity fluctuations in spectral sequences were observed down to 77 K and are indicative of single molecule sensitivity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐field and confocal surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures

Anger

Feltz²,

Berghaus³

et al. 2003

Journal of Microscopy

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“…Hence, for extended samples the NA in air (n air = 1) can never be larger than unity, which could be achieved e.g. by a parabolic mirror [3]. In order to increase the NA and thus the resolution of a microscope beyond unity an additional immersion fluid, such as water or immersion oil is used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution enhancement for low-temperature scanning microscopy by cryo-immersion

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Here we report a simple way to enhance the resolution of a confocal scanning microscope under cryogenic conditions. Using a microscope objective (MO) with high numerical aperture (NA = 1.25) and 1-propanol as an immersion fluid with low freezing temperature we were able to reach an imaging resolution at 160 K comparable to ambient conditions. The MO and the sample were both placed inside the inner chamber of the cryostat to reduce distortions induced by temperature gradients. The image quality of our commercially available MO was further enhanced by scanning the sample (sample scanning) in contrast to beam scanning. The ease of the whole procedure marks an essential step towards the development of cryo high-resolution microscopy and correlative light and electron cryo microscopy (cryoCLEM).

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“…Slight angular misalignment defocuses the laser beam significantly and renders the system unusable. 15 Hence, this optical configuration is not widely used: only two research groups (Meixner, Pettinger) have successfully employed this approach for near-field experiments. The only working top illumination setup with lens-based focusing previously described 16 had a far lower NA and a special higher order laser mode (the so-called "doughnut" mode) in combination with specially designed (resolution limiting) glass fiber tips on a tuning fork in AFM tapping mode feedback.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Chemical Imaging Using Top-Illumination Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

2010

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We present a new top-illumination scheme for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) in a gap-mode configuration with illumination and detection in a straightforward fashion perpendicular to the sample surface. This illumination focuses the light tightly around the tip end, which effectively diminishes far-field background contributions during TERS measurements. The setup maintains the entire functionality range of both the scanning probe microscopy and the confocal optical microscopy of the setup. For the first time, we show large (64 × 64 up to 200 × 200 pixels), high-resolution TERS imaging with full spectral information at every pixel, which is necessary for the chemical identification of sample constituents. With a scanning tunneling microscope tip and feedback, these TERS maps can be recorded with a resolution better than 15 nm (most likely even less, as discussed with Figure 6). An excellent enhancement (∼10(7)×, sufficient for detection of few molecules) allows short acquisition times (<<1 s/pixel) and reasonably low laser power (in the microwatt regime) yielding spectroscopic images with high pixel numbers in reasonable time (128 × 128 pixels in <25 min). To the best of our knowledge, no Raman maps with similar pixel numbers and full spectral information have ever been published.

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Confocal microscopy with a high numerical aperture parabolic mirror

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

Near‐field and confocal surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures

Near‐field and confocal surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures

Resolution enhancement for low-temperature scanning microscopy by cryo-immersion

Nanoscale Chemical Imaging Using Top-Illumination Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

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