Confocal microscopy of the human cornea in vivo

Masters, Barry R.; Böhnke, Matthias

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0322-3_3

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The normal anatomy of the cornea as well as various corneal abnormalities, disorders, and diseases have been characterized using CLSM in reflective mode and slit lamp confocal microscopy. 5,6,[23][24][25][26] Owing to corneal transparency, the collagen matrix is scarcely visible with CLSM in reflective mode. It is at this point that nonlinear microscopy comes into play.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Nonlinear and Femtosecond Confocal Laser-Scanning Microscopy of Rabbit Corneas after Photochemical Cross-Linking

Krüger

Hovakimyan²,

Ojeda

et al. 2011

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Nonlinear and Femtosecond Confocal Laser-Scanning Microscopy of Rabbit Corneas after Photochemical Cross-Linking

Krüger

Hovakimyan²,

Ojeda

et al. 2011

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Previous reviews provide a useful introduction to the historical development and some of the applications of confocal microscopy. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The purpose of this review is to present the underlying optical principles that make confocal microscopy such a powerful tool and to provide an up to date critical summary of the increasingly abundant literature arising from its use in the normal and abnormal human cornea.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo confocal microscopy of the human cornea

Jalbert

Stapleton²,

Papas³

et al. 2003

British Journal of Ophthalmology

326

212

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Aims: To describe the optics of in vivo confocal microscopy, its advantages over previous methods, and to summarise the literature that arose from its use for the observation of the human cornea. A critical review of the clinical usefulness of this new technology for the corneal examination is undertaken. Methods: Confocal microscopes obtain increased resolution by limiting the illumination and observation systems to a single point. Rapid scanning is used to reconstruct a full field of view and allows for "real time" viewing. Results: Coronal sections of the in situ epithelium, Bowman's membrane, stroma, and endothelium can be visualised at a resolution of 1-2 µm. A backscattered light intensity curve allows objective measurements of sublayer thickness and corneal haze to be taken. In vivo confocal microscopy is therefore particularly useful in the areas of infective keratitis, corneal dystrophies, refractive surgery, and contact lens wear, where it aids in differential diagnosis and detection of subtle short and long term changes. Real time endothelial cell assessment can also be performed. Conclusion: Because of their ability to visualise living tissue at cellular levels, confocal microscopes have proved useful additions to the current clinical tools.

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“…Modern software packages enable images to be edited, with excellent quality as standard. With the modern devices in current use, the main problem of contact confocal microscopy investigations is compression of the superficial cell layers with attendant loss of quality 5 7 8. Conversely, non-contact confocal microscopy is associated with increased corneal movement due to the patient’s breathing or pulse; this makes exact pachymetry as well as imaging of fine, miniscule structures virtually impossible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy of corneal surface and epithelium

Zhivov

Stachs²,

Stave³

et al. 2008

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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3-D CLSM permits in vivo visualisation and analysis of the corneal surface and of spatial arrangement at the cellular level in epithelium in normal and pathological corneas. The novel design of the contact cap minimises artefacts due to applanation pressure and improves the image quality of epithelial structures. The method provides a basis for further in vivo studies of alterations to corneal surface structure and its cellular arrangement.

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Confocal microscopy of the human cornea in vivo

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Combined Nonlinear and Femtosecond Confocal Laser-Scanning Microscopy of Rabbit Corneas after Photochemical Cross-Linking

Combined Nonlinear and Femtosecond Confocal Laser-Scanning Microscopy of Rabbit Corneas after Photochemical Cross-Linking

In vivo confocal microscopy of the human cornea

In vivo three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy of corneal surface and epithelium

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