Confocal microscopy analysis of the activity of mitochondria contained within the ‘mitochondrial cloud’ during oogenesis in <i>Xenopus laevis</i>

Wilding, Martin; Carotenuto, Rosa; Infante, Vincenzo; Dale, Brian; Marino, Marcella; Matteo, Loredanna Di; Campanella, Chiara

doi:10.1017/s096719940100140x

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Mitochondrial Δφ m is a critical factor for the establishment of oocyte and embryo competence [10, 37, 38]. Sequential analysis of individual oocytes and embryos indicates that mitochondria with a high Δφm remain spatially stable during oocyte maturation, fertilization, and initial cleavage [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Mitochondrial Potential and Copy Number with Pig Oocyte Maturation and Developmental Potential

et al. 2014

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ATP is critical for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and subsequent embryo development. Both mitochondrial membrane potential and copy number expand during oocyte maturation. In order to differentiate the roles of mitochondrial metabolic activity and mtDNA copy number during oocyte maturation, we used two inhibitors, FCCP (carbonyl cyanide p-(tri-fluromethoxy)phenyl-hydrazone) and ddC (2’3-dideoxycytidine), to deplete the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δφm) and mitochondrial copy number, respectively. FCCP (2000 nM) reduced ATP production by affecting mitochondrial Δφm, decreased the mRNA expression of Bmp15 (bone morphogenetic protein 15), and shortened the poly(A) tails of Bmp15, Gdf9 (growth differentiation factor 9), and Cyclin B1 transcripts. FCCP (200 and 2000 nM) also affected p34cdc2 kinase activity. By contrast, ddC did not alter ATP production. Instead, ddC significantly decreased mtDNA copy number (P < 0.05). FCCP (200 and 2000 nM) also decreased extrusion of the first polar body, whereas ddC at all concentrations did not affect the ability of immature oocytes to reach metaphase II. Both FCCP (200 and 2000 nM) and ddC (200 and 2000 µM) reduced parthenogenetic blastocyst formation compared with untreated oocytes. However, these inhibitors did not affect total cell number and apoptosis. These findings suggest that mitochondrial metabolic activity is critical for oocyte maturation and that both mitochondrial metabolic activity and replication contribute to the developmental competence of porcine oocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Mitochondrial Potential and Copy Number with Pig Oocyte Maturation and Developmental Potential

et al. 2014

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“…Since Mito Tracker and JC‐1 labeling are mitochondria‐selective (Poot et al . 1996; Wilding et al . 2001; Van Blerkom et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While mitochondria translocation has been reported for different animals, and mitochondrial behavior has been studied particularly in Xenopus (Tourte et al . 1981; Wilding et al . 2001; Chang et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial behavior during oogenesis in zebrafish: A confocal microscopy analysis

et al. 2008

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The behavior of mitochondria during early oogenesis remains largely unknown in zebrafish. We used three mitochondrial probes (Mito Tracker Red CMXRos, Mito Tracker Green FM, and JC-1) to stain early zebrafish oocyte mitochondria, and confocal microscopy to analyze mitochondrial aggregation and distribution. By using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), we traced mitochondrial movement. The microtubule assembly inhibitor nocodazole and microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin B (CB) were used to analyze the role of microtubules and microfilaments on mitochondrial movement. By using the dual emission probe, JC-1, and oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), we determined the distribution of active and inactive (low-active) mitochondria. Green/red fluorescence ratios of different sublocations in different oocyte groups stained by JC-1 were detected in merged (green and red) images. Our results showed that mitochondria exhibited a unique distribution pattern in early zebrafish oocytes. They tended to aggregate into large clusters in early stage I oocytes, but in a threadlike state in latter stage I oocytes. We detected a lower density mitochondrial area and a higher density mitochondrial area on opposite sides of the germinal vesicle. The green/red fluorescence ratios in different sublocations in normal oocytes were about 1:1. This implies that active mitochondria were distributed in all sublocations. FCCP treatment caused significant increases in the ratios. CB and nocodazole treatment caused an increase of the ratios in clusters and mitochondrial cloud, but not in dispersed areas. Mitochondria in different sublocations underwent fast dynamic movement. Inhibition or disruption of microtubules or microfilaments resulted in even faster mitochondrial free movement.

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“…Early as well as more recent studies thus examined the distribution of mitochondria in oocytes using reporters of mitochondrial respiration to identify more active mitochondria [43–45]. Consistent with a role in selecting the “most fit” mitochondria, these studies revealed an enrichment of the most active mitochondria within the Balbiani body [43–45], but how individual mitochondria are selected remains an open question. It is possible that sequestration of mitochondria within the Balbiani could lead to differential marking of the mitochondria.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Organelle Level Sorting Of Mitochondria In Oomentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial matters: Mitochondrial bottlenecks, self-assembling structures, and entrapment in the female germline

Marlow

2017

Stem Cell Research

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Mitochondrial replacement therapy, a procedure to generate embryos with the nuclear genome of a donor mother and the healthy mitochondria of a recipient egg, has recently emerged as a promising strategy to prevent transmission of devastating mitochondrial DNA diseases and infertility. The procedure may produce an embryo that is free of diseased mitochondria. A recent study addresses important fundamental questions about the mechanisms underlying maternal inheritance and translational questions regarding the transgenerational effectiveness of this promising therapeutic strategy. This review considers recent advances in our understanding of maternal inheritance of mitochondria, implications for fertility and mitochondrial disease, and potential roles for the Balbiani body, an ancient oocyte structure, in mitochondrial selection in oocytes, with emphasis on therapies to remedy mitochondrial disorders.

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Confocal microscopy analysis of the activity of mitochondria contained within the ‘mitochondrial cloud’ during oogenesis in Xenopus laevis

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

The Association of Mitochondrial Potential and Copy Number with Pig Oocyte Maturation and Developmental Potential

The Association of Mitochondrial Potential and Copy Number with Pig Oocyte Maturation and Developmental Potential

Mitochondrial behavior during oogenesis in zebrafish: A confocal microscopy analysis

Mitochondrial matters: Mitochondrial bottlenecks, self-assembling structures, and entrapment in the female germline

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