Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy – Detailed Three‐Dimensional Morphological Imaging of Marine Organisms

Michels, Jan

doi:10.1002/9783527675418.ch4

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mandibular gnathobases of marine planktonic copepods – feeding tools with complex micro- and nanoscale composite architectures

Michels¹,

Gorb²

2015

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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SummaryCopepods are dominant members of the marine zooplankton. Their diets often comprise large proportions of diatom taxa whose silicified frustules are mechanically stable and offer protection against grazers. Despite of this protection, many copepod species are able to efficiently break even the most stable frustule types. This ability requires specific feeding tools with mechanically adapted architectures, compositions and properties. When ingesting food, the copepods use the gnathobases of their mandibles to grab and, if necessary, crush and mince the food items. The morphology of these gnathobases is related to the diets of the copepods. Gnathobases of copepod species that mainly feed on phytoplankton feature compact and stable tooth-like structures, so-called teeth. In several copepod species these gnathobase teeth have been found to contain silica. Recent studies revealed that the siliceous teeth are complex microscale composites with silica-containing cap-like structures located on chitinous exoskeleton sockets that are connected with rubber-like bearings formed by structures with high proportions of the soft and elastic protein resilin. In addition, the silica-containing cap-like structures exhibit a nanoscale composite architecture. They contain some amorphous silica and large proportions of the crystalline silica type α-cristobalite and are pervaded by a fine chitinous fibre network that very likely serves as a scaffold during the silicification process. All these intricate composite structures are assumed to be the result of a coevolution between the copepod gnathobases and diatom frustules in an evolutionary arms race. The composites very likely increase both the performance of the siliceous teeth and their resistance to mechanical damage, and it is conceivable that their development has favoured the copepods’ dominance of the marine zooplankton observed today.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mandibular gnathobases of marine planktonic copepods – feeding tools with complex micro- and nanoscale composite architectures

Michels¹,

Gorb²

2015

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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“…As a model organism we chose Centropages hamatus (Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida). The mechanical properties of the setae were previously documented by CLSM [52,53,54]: the short setae on maxilla 2 possess soft tips and soft bases and the long setae on maxilla 1 only soft bases (Figure 1).…”

Section: Specimens Studiedmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…This species belongs to the Calanoida, where filter feeding is the derived condition [see e.g., 19,20,29,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51]. In this species (Figure 1), previous confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) studies on the cuticle's mechanical properties revealed, that the setae on the maxilla 1 (long setae) and 2 (short setae) possess very soft bases full of the elastic protein resilin [52,53,54]. Additionally, the tips from the short setae on maxilla 2 exhibited a blue autofluorescence signal, which strongly indicated that these tips are also rather soft and flexible, similar to attachment hairs in insects showing high adhesion at the tips [see e.g., 55; for throughout reviews, see 56,57,58].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – introducing the first numerical model of setae action in concert

Filippov¹,

Krings²,

Gorb³

2023

Preprint

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Suspension feeding by particle collecting setae is common within Crustacea. Even though the mechanisms behind it and the structures themselves were studied for decades, the interplay between the different setae types and the parameters contributing to their particle collecting capacities remain enigmatic. Here, we provide a numerical model approach to understand the relationship between mechanical property gradients, mechanical behaviour, adhesion of the setae and the feeding efficiency performed by the system. We constructed the first simple dynamic numerical model, which interacts with the food particles and delivers them into the mouth opening. By altering the parameters, it was unraveled that the system performs best, if the long and short setae have different mechanical behaviour and different degrees of adhesion, since the long setae generate the feeding current and the short ones establish the contact with the particle. This protocol can be applied to any system in the future, as the parameters (properties of particles and setae, arrangement, etc.) can be easily altered. This will shed light on the biomechanical adaptations of this feeding structure to suspension feeding and provide inspiration for biomimetics in the field of filtration technologies.

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“…This species belongs to the Calanoida, where filter feeding is the derived condition [ 19 – 20 29 , 42 – 54 ]. For this species ( Figure 1 ), previous confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) studies on the cuticle’s mechanical properties revealed that the setae on maxillae 1 (long setae) and 2 (short setae) possess very soft bases full of the elastic protein resilin [ 55 – 57 ]. Additionally, the tips of the short setae on maxilla 2 exhibited a blue autofluorescence signal, which strongly indicated that these tips are also rather soft and flexible, similar to attachment hairs in insects showing high adhesion at the tips [ 58 ]; for in-depth reviews, see [ 59 – 61 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scale bar on the right side = 50 µm. Figure 1 was adapted (by adding arrows and circles) from [ 57 ], J. Michels, “Confocal laser scanning microscopy – detailed three-dimensional morphological imaging of marine organisms”, Imaging Marine Life, with permission from John Wiley and Sons. Copyright © 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

Filippov¹,

Krings²,

Gorb³

2023

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Suspension feeding via setae collecting particles is common within Crustacea. Even though the mechanisms behind it and the structures themselves have been studied for decades, the interplay between the different setae types and the parameters contributing to their particle collecting capacities remain partly enigmatic. Here, we provide a numerical modeling approach to understand the relationship among the mechanical property gradients, the mechanical behavior and the adhesion of setae, and the feeding efficiency of the system. In this context, we set-up a simple dynamic numerical model that takes all of these parameters into account and describes the interaction with food particles and their delivery into the mouth opening. By altering the parameters, it was unraveled that the system performs best when the long and short setae have different mechanical properties and different degrees of adhesion since the long setae generate the feeding current and the short ones establish the contact with the particle. This protocol can be applied to any system in the future as the parameters (i.e., properties and arrangement of particles and setae) can be easily altered. This will shed light on the biomechanical adaptations of these structures to suspension feeding and provide inspiration for biomimetics in the field of filtration technologies.

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Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy – Detailed Three‐Dimensional Morphological Imaging of Marine Organisms

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

Mandibular gnathobases of marine planktonic copepods – feeding tools with complex micro- and nanoscale composite architectures

Mandibular gnathobases of marine planktonic copepods – feeding tools with complex micro- and nanoscale composite architectures

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – introducing the first numerical model of setae action in concert

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

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