Confluence Model

Abstract

The Confluence Model is a general framework for understanding developmental processes by tracing the mutual influences between the individual and his or her social environment as they unfold over time to shape some characteristic of personality (Kihlstrom 2018). The general framework of the model has been applied to the study of sexual coercion that involve sexual behaviors whereby one of the individuals does not fully consent to the acts. Sexual coercion covers the use of physical force, threat, deception, or intimidation (Huppin and Malamuth 2016). Examples cover forced kissing and touching, verbal derogation, sexual rumoring, showing sexually explicit pictures or objects, threats to end relationship, and insisting on having sex. Similar terms are sexual aggression, sexual violence, and sexual harassment.