Conflictos autonómicos sobre trasvases de agua en España

Abstract

Este artículo analiza los conflictos autonómicos en torno al agua, con especial atención al controvertido aprovechamiento Tajo-Segura y a los macrotrasvases esbozados en el Anteproyecto de Plan Hidrológico Nacional. Son objeto de consideración los factores que motivan las posturas encontradas de las comunidades autónomas cedentes y receptoras.En estrecha relación con todo ello, se subraya que los lamentables y descabellados empeños de patrimonialización regional del agua chocan de lleno con la normativa vigente y el interés nacional, como si éste, minado por particularismos de toda laya, fuese una referencia trasnochada, insufrible, nefanda o, en el mejor de los casos, secundaria y lejana. RÉSUMÉOn analyse dans cet article les conflits qui ont surgi dans les autonomies à propos de l'eau, en faisant atention paticulière au controversé aménagement Tajo-Segura et aux macrotransvasements esquissées dans le avant-projet du Plan Hidrologique National. Ce sont des objets de considération les facteurs qui déclenchent les positions confrontées entre les communautés autonomes cédantes et celles réceptrices.Par rapport à tout célà, on remarque que les regrettables et déraisonnables engagements de faire de l'eau un patrimoine régional heurtent avec les règlement en vigueur et avec l'intérêt national. C'est comme si ceci, miné par toutes sortes de particulaismes, fût une référence vieille, insupportable, infâme ou, en tout cas, secondaire et lointaine.El territorio español peninsular muestra una acusada desigualdad de recursos hídricos entre sus vertientes atlántica y mediterránea. Esta situación obedece a condiciones climáti-cas e hidrográficas, ya que, con la notoria excepción del Ebro, los mayores colectores desembocan en aquel océano. Para solventar dicho desequilibrio se han planteado diversos trasvases, que cuentan con lejanos intentos en épocas pasadas y un conflictivo presente en la «España de las Autonomías».

The Blue Water Footprint of the Spanish Wine Industry: 1935–2015

“…An additional advantage of this case study is that in recent years abundant literature has been produced analysing the water footprint of Spanish agriculture from a long-term perspective, similar to our case [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. This profuse literature can be explained by the important role that irrigation has played in the increase in Spain's agricultural production since the mid twentieth century [41] and the intense conflicts that have arisen with respect to its distribution across territories and economic agents [33,42,43]. Furthermore, some studies have also conducted estimates of the water footprint of Spanish agriculture and some of its crops for the present day [44,45].…”

The Effects of Climate Change on the Tagus–Segura Transfer: Diagnosis of the Water Balance in the Vega Baja del Segura (Alicante, Spain)

“…Beforehand, it should be put into context that the origin of the Tagus-Segura Transfer project dates back to the First National Hydraulic Works Plan (1933), which basically sought to correct the imbalances between the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts which, through the so-called "Plan de Mejora y Ampliación de los Riegos de Levante" (Extension and Improvement Irrigation Plan in Spanish Levante region), was based on the transformation of a total area of 338,000 hectares, over the provinces of Murcia, Valencia, Alicante, Almería, Albacete and Cuenca [25].…”

“…The diversion is a canal with a length of 286 km and a flow rate of 33 m 3 /s. It links the Bolarque reservoir, in the Tagus basin, with the Talave reservoir, on the river Mundo, the main tributary of the Segura [25]. The cost of the construction of the diversion and post-transfer systems was estimated at ESP 90,000 million (La Verdad newspaper, 18 February 1998), equivalent to EUR 540,910,984 today.…”

“…These planned volumes of water generated a great expectation that led to the transformation of rain-fed crops into irrigated crops (new irrigation), and the area benefited increased to 135,361 hectares. The area contemplated in the TTS project was 136,816, so that some authors indicate that "miraculously, it seemed that the objectives outlined in the preliminary draft had been achieved" [25]. However, the expansion of the surface area occurred during the years of construction of the TTS.…”

Developing spatially and thematically detailed backdated maps for land cover studies

“…These issues are especially relevant for an area such as the Iberian Peninsula which presents a case of high heterogeneity for the purposes of land cover classification due to its rugged relief (from 0 to 3478 m), spatial variability of climate, and its long and complex human history (García-Ruiz 1990;Tullot 2000;Gil-Olcina and Gómez-Mendoza 2001). Moreover, the Iberian Peninsula (and the Mediterranean more generally) has had an intense land cover dynamics which have led to high fragmentation of the landscape.…”