Conflicting selection on floral scent emission in the orchid <i>Gymnadenia conopsea</i>

Chapurlat, Elodie; Ågren, Jon; Anderson, Joseph J.; Friberg, Magne; Sletvold, Nina

doi:10.1111/nph.15747

Cited by 41 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In fact, there is growing evidence that plants can plastically respond to increasing temperatures (Farré-Armengol, 2014), drought (Campbell, Sosenski, & Raguso, 2019) or other biotic or abiotic factors (Schiestl, Kirk, Bigler, Cozzolino & Desurmont, 2014) interactions, particularly pollination (Raguso, 2008). Evidence from these studies suggests that selection usually favours the most odorous plants (Majetic et al, 2009;Parachnowitsch, Raguso, & Kessler, 2012), or plants emitting the highest amounts of a few biologically relevant compounds (Chapurlat, Ågren, Anderson, Friberg, & Sletvold, 2019;Parachnowitsch et al, 2012;Schiestl, Huber, & Gomez, 2011). Here, we found no significant selection gradients on total emission rate, nor did we find consistently significant selection differentials on amounts TA B L E 1 Selection gradients β ± SE on plant height, total emission rate and principal components (PCs) of the PCAs performed on floral colour and odour data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral trait differentiation inAnacamptis coriophora: Phenotypic selection on scents, but not on colour

Joffard

Roncé

Langlois

et al. 2020

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Current divergent selection may promote floral trait differentiation among conspecific populations in flowering plants. However, whether this applies to complex traits such as colour or scents has been little studied, even though these traits often vary within species. In this study, we compared floral colour and odour as well as selective pressures imposed upon these traits among seven populations belonging to three subspecies of the widespread, generalist orchid Anacamptis coriophora. Colour was characterized using calibrated photographs, and scents were sampled using dynamic headspace extraction and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We then quantified phenotypic selection exerted on these traits by regressing fruit set values on floral trait values. We showed that the three studied subspecies were characterized by different floral colour and odour, with one of the two predominant floral volatiles emitted by each subspecies being taxon-specific. Plant size was positively correlated with fruit set in most populations, whereas we found no apparent link between floral colour and female reproductive success. We detected positive selection on several taxon-specific compounds in A. coriophora subsp. fragrans, whereas no selection was found on floral volatiles of A. coriophora subsp. coriophora and A. coriophora subsp. martrinii. This study is one of the first to document variation in phenotypic selection exerted on floral scents among conspecific populations. Our results suggest that selection could contribute to ongoing chemical divergence among A. coriophora subspecies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral trait differentiation inAnacamptis coriophora: Phenotypic selection on scents, but not on colour

Joffard

Roncé

Langlois

et al. 2020

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…Chapurlat et al. ), and whether a correlation between these traits and flower size could explain the apparent selection for larger flowers through pollen removal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It would be interesting to determine whether these traits are subject to current pollinator-mediated selection (cf. Chapurlat et al 2019), and whether a correlation between these traits and flower size could explain the apparent selection for larger flowers through pollen removal.…”

Section: Spur Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of trait expression and pollination regime reveals the adaptive significance of spur length

2020

Self Cite

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Understanding the mechanisms of adaptive population differentiation requires that both the functional and adaptive significance of divergent traits are characterized in contrasting environments. Here, we (a) determined the effects of floral spur length on pollen removal and receipt using plants with artificial spurs representing the species‐wide variation in length, and (b) quantified pollinator‐mediated selection on spur length and three traits contributing to floral display in two populations each of the short‐spurred and the long‐spurred ecotype of the orchid Platanthera bifolia. Both pollen receipt and removal reached a maximum at 28–29 mm long spurs in a short‐spurred population visited by short‐tongued moths. In contrast, pollen receipt increased linearly across the tested range (4–52 mm) and pollen removal was unrelated to spur length in a long‐spurred population predominantly visited by a long‐tongued moth. The experimentally documented effects on pollen transfer were not reflected in pollinator‐mediated selection through female fitness or pollen removal indicating that the natural within‐population variation in spur length was insufficient to result in detectable variation in pollen limitation. Our study illustrates how combining trait manipulation with analysis of causes and strength of phenotypic selection can illuminate the functional and adaptive significance of trait expression when trait variation is limited.

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“…capensis , we estimated the effect of herbivory on selection (Δ S h ) as

S_{rp + ih} - S_{normalrp}

(Table ). The standard error for Δ S h was estimated as

\sqrt{S E_{normalrp + normalih}^{2} + S E_{rp}^{2}}

(Chapurlat et al., ). This standard error was then used to test whether Δ S h was significantly different from zero using a two‐tailed planned comparison.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated pollinator declines intensify selection on floral traits that facilitate selfing and outcrossing in Impatiens capensis

Panique

Caruso

2019

American J of Botany

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Citation: Panique, H. and C. M. Caruso. 2020. Simulated pollinator declines intensify selection on floral traits that facilitate selfing and outcrossing in PREMISE: Anthropogenic environmental change is causing pollinator populations to decline. These declines should intensify selection for floral traits that facilitate outcrossing by making plants more attractive to pollinators and/or for floral traits that facilitate selfing in the absence of pollinators. However, the effect of pollinator declines on selection on floral traits could be modified by other environmental factors such as herbivores. METHODS:We studied the effect of simulated pollinator declines on selection on floral traits of Impatiens capensis, a mixed-mating species that produces both obligately selfing cleistogamous flowers and primarily outcrossing chasmogamous flowers. We measured directional selection differentials via seeds per plant on two traits that facilitate outcrossing (chasmogamous flower size and number) and one trait that facilitates selfing (cleistogamous flower number) in ambient, reduced pollinator access, and reduced pollinator access combined with increased foliar herbivory treatments. RESULTS:Reduced pollinator access intensified selection for larger chasmogamous flowers and more cleistogamous flowers. In contrast, increased herbivory did not affect selection on any floral trait. CONCLUSIONS:Reduced pollinator access intensified selection for a trait that facilitates outcrossing, suggesting that even species such as I. capensis that can autonomously selfpollinate have the potential to respond to pollinator declines by evolving floral traits that reinforce interactions between plants and pollinators. However, reduced pollinator access also intensified selection for a trait that facilitates selfing, suggesting that I. capensis could adapt to pollinator declines by evolving floral traits that maintain the production of both selfed and outcrossed seeds.

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Conflicting selection on floral scent emission in the orchid Gymnadenia conopsea

Cited by 41 publications

References 66 publications

Floral trait differentiation inAnacamptis coriophora: Phenotypic selection on scents, but not on colour

Floral trait differentiation inAnacamptis coriophora: Phenotypic selection on scents, but not on colour

Manipulation of trait expression and pollination regime reveals the adaptive significance of spur length

Simulated pollinator declines intensify selection on floral traits that facilitate selfing and outcrossing in Impatiens capensis

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