Conflict triggers between farming and pastoral communities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Tade, Oludayo; Yikwabs, Yikwab Peter

doi:10.1108/jacpr-10-2019-0448

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The reason for the adoption of this study area is because it lies within the middle belt region of Nigeria which, as Bagu and Smith (2017) assert, experienced the highest number of clashes between the herders and farmers. Nasarawa is the state that experienced trans-territorial backlashes from the 2017 anti-open grazing law formulated and implemented in neighbouring Benue State (Tade and Yikwabs, 2019; 2020; International Crisis Group).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article examines the strategies employed by IDPs who are victims 1 of farmer-herder conflict to cope with the effects of their victimization. This is because popular narratives on farmer-herder conflict have examined it largely from the standpoint of ecological factors such as climate change, population increase and desertification (Abbass, 2012; ICG, 2017; Kwaja and Ademola-Adelehin, 2017; Tade and Yikwabs, 2019, 2020). These environmental factors exacerbate ongoing conflict resulting in casualties and internal displacements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have examined the contemporary triggers to the conflict as well as the victimization experiences for both the farmers and herders (Kwaja and Ademola-Adelehin, 2017; Tade and Yikwabs, 2019, 2020). They identified struggle for political power, rumour, banditry and the recently enacted open grazing prohibition and ranches establishment law enacted in some parts of Nigeria as contemporary triggers (Tade and Yikwabs, 2020). Oyeoku et al (2020) examined news frames for victims of herder-farmer conflict among the IDPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Farming Communities Cope With Displacement Arising from Farmer-Herder Conflict in North Central Nigeria

Yikwab

Tade

2021

Journal of Asian and African Studies

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A largely overlooked area in extant literature on farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria is coping strategies employed by internally displaced farming communities. Using exploratory design and qualitative data collection tools, we collected data from 23 purposively selected victims of farmer-herder conflict in Nasarawa State who were displaced and were either living in internally displaced persons camps or with friends/family. Findings showed that participants relied on their friends and family to cope with victimization experiences. Reported coping strategies included job switching, relocation to a safer place, formation of a vigilance group and trusting in God. The article recommends, among other things, empowering displaced populations with skills to cope with displacement challenges.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Farming Communities Cope With Displacement Arising from Farmer-Herder Conflict in North Central Nigeria

Yikwab

Tade

2021

Journal of Asian and African Studies

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“…The literature on farmer–herder conflicts highlights the challenges faced by displaced agricultural communities and the potential for victimisation in these conflicts. These challenges include disrupted livelihoods, food insecurity, economic hardships, strained social relations, inadequate healthcare, limited employment opportunities, disrupted education for children, mental and emotional challenges, and water and sanitation problems (Ofem and Inyang, 2014; Ofuoku and Isife, 2009; Tade and Yikwabs, 2019, 2020). The victimisation challenges facing displaced people have been explored in several studies.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘I lost over 700 tubers of yam but am glad I am still alive’: Implications of victimhood and displacement on conflict management – Insights from displaced farmers in North Central Nigeria

Achem,

Aderinto

2023

International Review of Victimology

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This study investigates the victimisation and challenges faced by the displaced agricultural community in North-Central Nigeria. The study argues that the significant loss and suffering experienced within this victimisation context contribute to the emergence of post-displacement stressors and act as catalysts for further acts of violence. A sample of 42 participant was selected using a combination of convenience sampling, snowball sampling, and purposeful sampling techniques. The participant were chosen from Daudu camps 1 and 2 (Mbawa), the Gbajimba internally displaced person (IDP) camp (Nzorov), and the Naka IDP camp (Ikyaghev). Data collection involved 8 focus group discussions with victims and 42 in-depth interviews with primary, secondary, and reintegrated victims, as well as representatives of herders. In addition, 14 key informant interviews were conducted with personnel from active non-governmental organisations (NGOs), IDP camp officials, State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) officials, police and army personnel, the head of a local vigilante group, and traditional district heads. Qualitative data analysis was performed thematically using NVIVO 12 Plus, a qualitative data analysis software. The findings highlight that food insecurity emerges as the primary challenge faced by the displaced population. Other challenges include poor living conditions, inadequate healthcare, a lack of employment opportunities, a high number of out-of-school children, emotional difficulties, and water and sanitation problems. Returnees face challenges in reconstructing damaged properties, establishing water sources, and ensuring adequate security. Most participant rely on support from SEMA, humanitarian NGOs, and donations from private individuals and groups. Based on the research results, the study proposes relevant policies for the government and other agencies involved in assisting displaced populations. It emphasises the need for the government to engage with individuals and groups to provide long-term assistance for victims’ rehabilitation, reintegration, and recovery.

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“…Others are: regional and interlocking disputes, inadequate and inappropriate mediation, climate change and migration (Department for International Development 2001; Annan, 2014). In Nigeria, drivers of violent conflict include ethnicity, religion, land resources, identity politics, pastoral conflict and youth unemployment (Kwaja and Ademola-Adelehin, 2017;Tade and Yikwabs, 2020). Sayne (2012) posits that poor law enforcement responses by the security forces often becomes a structural cause of violent conflict.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the precipitators of violent conflict in Central Nigeria: a mixed methodology approach

Ojewale¹

2021

JACPR

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the mutually reinforcing drivers of violent conflict in rural and urban communities in Central Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative research methodology through multi-stage sampling technique. This involved the purposive selection of Benue and Plateau States in Central Nigeria. The combination of household data collection and Geographic Information System led to the identification of 2,772, 117, 2,668 and 106 grids in Jos, Barkin Ladi, Makurdi and Gbajimba, respectively. This proportion constituted the clusters where household heads were chosen for questionnaire administration. Furthermore, a total of ten in-depth interviews were conducted. Findings The prominent precipitators of violent conflicts were: rise of criminal groups and criminal activities, hate speech, state’s inability to protect most citizens against violent crime, political intimidation by ruling party, over militarization of the public space. Others are rising population pressure, proliferation of small arms and light weapons and ban of open grazing. Research limitations/implications This study could be strengthened if broadened to include communities with different socioeconomic realities. Hence, the view presented in this paper may not be considered generalizable to other parts of the country with different cultural settings. Originality/value The methodology offers a reliable alternative to combine sampling approaches for household surveys that can help address problems occasioned by the lack of census data.

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Conflict triggers between farming and pastoral communities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

How Farming Communities Cope With Displacement Arising from Farmer-Herder Conflict in North Central Nigeria

How Farming Communities Cope With Displacement Arising from Farmer-Herder Conflict in North Central Nigeria

‘I lost over 700 tubers of yam but am glad I am still alive’: Implications of victimhood and displacement on conflict management – Insights from displaced farmers in North Central Nigeria

Exploring the precipitators of violent conflict in Central Nigeria: a mixed methodology approach

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