Conflict Resolution Strategy in Handover Management for 4G and 5G Networks

Abstract

Fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks offer high transmission rates in dense urban environments. However, a massive deployment of small cells will be required to provide wide-area coverage, which leads to an increase in the number of handovers (HOs). Mobility management is an important issue that requires considerable attention in heterogeneous networks, where 5G ultra-dense small cells coexist with current fourth-generation (4G) networks. Although mobility robustness optimization (MRO) and load balancing optimization (LBO) functions have been introduced in the 3GPP standard to address HO problems, non-robust and nonoptimal algorithms for selecting appropriate HO control parameters (HCPs) still exist, and an optimal solution is subjected to compromise between LBO and MRO functions. Thus, HO decision algorithms become inefficient. This paper proposes a conflict resolution technique to address the contradiction between MRO and LBO functions. The proposed technique exploits received signal reference power (RSRP), cell load and user speed to adapt HO margin (HM) and time to trigger (TTT). Estimated HM and TTT depend on a weighting function and HO type which is represented by user status during mobility. The proposed technique is validated with other existing algorithms from the literature. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms existing algorithms overall performance metrics. The proposed technique reduces the overall average HO ping-pong probability, HO failure rate and interruption time by more than 90%, 46% and 58%, respectively, compared with the other schemes overall speed scenarios and simulation time.

Strategi Manajemen Konflik dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di SMPN 28 Surabaya

“…konflik dapat didefinisikan sebagai ketidaksepakatan yang timbul karena perbedaan dalam kepentingan, nilai, atau tujuan antara individu atau kelompok (Iswantoro, 2021;Toruan, 2023). Dalam konteks sekolah, konflik dapat muncul antara guru dengan siswa, guru dengan rekan kerja, atau bahkan antara guru dengan administrasi sekolah (Alhammadi, 2022). Oleh karena itu, penting bagi pihak sekolah untuk mengidentifikasi konflik yang terjadi dan mencari solusi yang tepat agar proses belajar mengajar dapat berjalan.…”

On the performance of multiple association with mobility support in 5G ultra‐dense networks: Realistic network simulation

“…UE's received power and speed is used to adjust the handover margin and the time to trigger. Alhammadi et al in [29], extended their work to solve the optimization objectives conflict between mobility robustness and load balancing. Further, fuzzy control logic was utilised to achieve an intelligent and self-optimizing handover scheme in 4G/5G HetNets [30].…”

Multiagent Q-Learning-Based Mobility Management for Multi-Connectivity in mmWAVE Cellular Systems

“…In addition, Ref. [10] addressed the contradiction between optimizing mobility robustness and load distribution in a 4G/5G coexistence scenario. The proposed method establishes HO decisions by factoring in RSRPs and user speed, leading to a notable reduction in HO pingpong probability and HO failure rate.…”