Conflict Resolution in Chimpanzees and the Valuable-relationships Hypothesis

Watts, David P.

doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9081-9

Cited by 65 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Although the analyses of dyadic values in this study do not allow bias in individual contribution to the data set to be controlled for (as some individuals had more opponents than others), our results are supported by findings from other analyses on data from the same study group investigating the determinants of reconciliation that control for variation in individual contribution to the data set [Fraser et al, in prep], and thus the results are unlikely to have been influenced by any such bias. According to the valuable relationship hypothesis, valuable relationships are more likely to be reconciled [de Waal & Aureli, 1997;Watts, 2006]. In wild chimpanzees, To obtain statistics for MCs the models were rerun, entering MC (1 5 MC, 0 5 PC) as the only fixed variable (kiss: b 5 À2.36, S.E.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciliation, consolation and postconflict behavioral specificity in chimpanzees

Fraser

Aureli

2008

American J Primatol

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Conflicts of interest arise regularly in the lives of all group-living animals and may escalate into aggressive conflicts. The costs of aggressive escalation can be reduced through peaceful postconflict interactions. This study investigated the postconflict behavior of 22 adult chimpanzees at Chester Zoo. The occurrence of reconciliation, i.e. the postconflict affiliative reunion between conflict opponents, and consolation, i.e. a postconflict affiliative interaction directed from a third party to the recipient of aggression, were demonstrated. Consolation was more likely to occur in the absence of reconciliation than after reconciliation, and reconciliation was more likely to occur in the absence of consolation than after consolation, supporting the hypothesis that consolation acts as a substitute for reconciliation when the latter fails to occur. Evidence for behavioral specificity, i.e. context-specific use of certain behaviors, was found for both reconciliation and consolation, which, along with high conciliatory tendencies, suggests an explicit style of postconflict behavior in the study subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciliation, consolation and postconflict behavioral specificity in chimpanzees

Fraser

Aureli

2008

American J Primatol

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“…Levels of certain behaviors deemed to represent certain components of relationship quality are also frequently employed, such as using agonistic support as a measure of relationship value. 71 Single behaviors, however, may not provide enough information for a true evaluation of the quality of the relationship between individuals, and the assignment of behaviors to particular components can be contentious, as for example, grooming has be used to represent either relationship value 80 or compatibility. 53,68 Thus, in order to gain more accurate, quantitative estimate of each of the relationship quality components, which is vital if the functions of bystander affiliation are to be fully understood, relationship quality must be measured using improved techniques.…”

Section: Measuring Relationship Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Why are bystanders friendly to recipients of aggression?

Fraser

Koski

Wittig

et al. 2009

Communicative & Integrative Biology

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The escalation of conflicts of interest into aggressive conflict can be costly in terms of increased post-conflict stress and damage to the opponents' relationship. Some costs may be mitigated through post-conflict interactions. One such type of interaction is affiliative contact from a bystander to the recipient of aggression. This type of interaction has been suggested to have a number of functions, including stress reduction and opponent relationship repair. It may also protect bystanders from redirected aggression from the original recipient of aggression. Here we review the evidence for such functions and propose a framework within which the function and occurrence of post-conflict affiliation directed from a bystander to the recipient of aggression is related to the quality of the relationships between the individuals involved and the patterns of behavior expressed.

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“…Security refers to the predictability of the relationship. Both value and compatibility have been shown to be positively associated with the likelihood of reconciliation [Cords and Aureli, 2000;Aureli et al, 2002;Watts, 2006;Arnold and Aureli, 2007], although many of the studies where associations were found are based on the assumption that broad categories, such as kinship or age-sex combinations, index different dimensions of relationship quality [Fraser et al, 2008]. Few studies on conflict resolution focus on more than a couple of measures of relationship, and the difficulties in reliably assessing relationship security have meant that even fewer have investigated all 3 components [Cords and Aureli, 2000;Aureli et al, 2002;Watts, 2006;Arnold and Aureli, 2007;Fraser et al, 2008;Majolo et al, 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postconflict Behaviour in Brown Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella)

Daniel¹,

Santos²,

Cruz³

2009

IJFP

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Postconflict affiliation has been mostly studied in Old World primates, and we still lack comparative research to understand completely the functional value of reconciliation. Cebus species display great variability in social characteristics, thereby providing a great opportunity for comparative studies. We recorded 190 agonistic interactions and subsequent postconflict behaviour in a captive group of brown capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella) . Only 26.8% of these conflicts were reconciled. Reconciliation was more likely to occur between opponents that supported each other more frequently and that spent more time together. Postconflict anxiety was mostly determined by conflict intensity, and none of the variables thought to measure relationship quality had a significant effect on postconflict stress.

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Conflict Resolution in Chimpanzees and the Valuable-relationships Hypothesis

Cited by 65 publications

References 65 publications

Reconciliation, consolation and postconflict behavioral specificity in chimpanzees

Reconciliation, consolation and postconflict behavioral specificity in chimpanzees

Why are bystanders friendly to recipients of aggression?

Postconflict Behaviour in Brown Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella)

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