Conflict, Peacekeeping, and Humanitarian Security: Understanding Violent Attacks Against Aid Workers

Hoelscher, Kristian; Miklian, Jason; Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv

doi:10.1080/13533312.2017.1321958

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In terms of other security-related considerations, according to Aid Worker Security Report 2018, 313 aid workers were involved in 158 major incidents of violence, in which 139 were killed, 102 were wounded, and 72 were kidnapped in 2017 [27]. Furthermore, a previous study regarding the reasons of those negative events revealed that unstable political circumstances, underdeveloped economies, and the existence of armed conflicts would increase the risk of violent attacks [28]. Hence, action must be taken to promote a sense of safety so that members of medical aid teams can better adapt to the new environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Cross-Cultural Social Adaptation and Overseas Life Satisfaction among Chinese Medical Aid Team Members (CMATMs) in Africa

Chen

Liu

Yü

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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This study evaluated the relationship between cross-cultural social adaptation and overseas life satisfaction among Chinese medical aid team members (CMATMs) in Africa. A revised Chinese version of the Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (CSCAS) was used to measure participants’ cross-cultural social adaptation. The self-designed survey of the CMATMs’ overseas life satisfaction includes the following five aspects: food, housing, transportation, entertainment, and security. Electronic questionnaires were distributed non-randomly. Linear regression models were established to explore the association between cross-cultural social adaptation and all dimensions of overseas life satisfaction. After adjusting all the confounders, compared with moderate adaptation, poor adaptation was negatively correlated with all dimensions of overseas life satisfaction (B for food = −0.71, B for housing = −0.76, B for transportation = −0.70, B for entertainment = −0.53, B for security = −0.81, B for overall satisfaction = −0.71, all p < 0.001), whereas good adaptation was positively associated with all dimensions of overseas life satisfaction (B for food = 1.23, B for housing = 1.00, B for transportation = 0.84, B for entertainment = 0.84, B for security = 0.76, B for overall life satisfaction = 0.94, all p < 0.001). This study shows that a better cross-cultural social adaptation was positively connected to a higher level of overseas life satisfaction in general, and more specifically to higher levels of satisfaction with food, housing, transportation, entertainment, and security. This knowledge can be utilized in promoting cross-cultural social adaptation and overseas life satisfaction among CMATMs in Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Cross-Cultural Social Adaptation and Overseas Life Satisfaction among Chinese Medical Aid Team Members (CMATMs) in Africa

Chen

Liu

Yü

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Stress management training represents an alternative way to improve wellbeing and enable better communication and understanding in host community-refugee interactions. There is no doubt that humanitarian workers continue to be frequently targeted during conflicts [ 33 ]. They are stretched to their limit providing care for a large vulnerable population while experiencing secondary trauma from their interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections from the Lebanese field: “First, heal thyself”

et al. 2018

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Humanitarian aid workers caring for Syrian refugees face major stressors as they attend to refugees’ needs on the field. Without adequate psychosocial support, evidence has shown that fieldworkers experience high burnout and turnover as well as long-term poor mental health. Unfortunately, scarce training in this regard leaves them ill-equipped to care for themselves and practice resilience while handling trauma in the field. This paper highlights our reflection on working with mindfulness programs during humanitarian crises, specifically how our program, Stress Management and Relaxation Response Training (SMART), has helped over time fieldworkers and the community they cared for. We propose that programs targeting the wellbeing of fieldworkers should be prioritized as part of efforts to improve the international aid response although they may require impeccable coordination and generous resources. We encourage donors to fund those projects viewed as special social protection programs building resilience and strengthening within system support. We argue that this will increase the efficacy of the crisis intervention and work towards sustainable peace building.

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“…For instance, providing aid to the violent provinces in Mindanao -even though these are the donor's explicit target -might be undesirable for the government as it could contribute to strengthening its opponents. In line with Hoelscher et al (2017), it is also likely that the security of aid workers would be more compromised in minority provinces.…”

Section: Concluding Remark Smentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, when the violence becomes severe, donors appear put off and new commitments halt. Relatedly, Hoelscher et al (2017) find that the presence of conflict increases the likelihood of attacks on aid workers. Addressing existing disparities, Bezerra and Braithwaite (2016) conclude that “violence both attracts and deters new foreign aid.”…”

Section: Aid Allocation: Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Disaggregated determinants of aid: Development aid projects in the Philippines

Rosvold

2020

Development Policy Review

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Motivation: Across the world, rapid-onset disasters caused by natural hazards such as storms and floods return with seemingly greater force every year. Many disaster hot spots are particularly vulnerable because of already fragile humanitarian and political situations, some having been affected by armed conflict for decades. These phenomena augment the need for longterm aid, but do they influence the distribution of aid projects? Purpose: This article revisits the long-standing debate over whether donor interests or recipient needs best predict the distribution of development aid. It disaggregates the analysis down to province level in the Philippines, and includes local hazards when assessing an area's need for aid. Approach and methods: Making use of geocoded data on aid projects, rapid-onset disasters caused by natural hazards and armed conflict in Philippine provinces between 1996 and 2012, this article provides an exhaustive assessment of the within-country determinants of World Bank development aid projects. Findings: The article finds that need to some extent influences the distribution of aid projects across Philippine provinces but that, in general, domestic political alliances bias projects in favour of the politically dominant group. Previous exposure to conflict is associated with increased likelihood of new projects, but only in dominant group-majority provinces. While previous disaster exposure is a weak predictor of aid in all provinces, low Human Development Index (HDI) levels significantly predict aid inflow in excluded group-majority provinces. Policy implications: In sum, the article challenges the idea that (international) donors' priorities override the interests of the recipient/local governmesnt in the distribution of aid projects. It also shows that even if the donor's explicit policy is disaster mitigation and relief, there is still some way to go before these considerations are effectively incorporated into development aid efforts.

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Conflict, Peacekeeping, and Humanitarian Security: Understanding Violent Attacks Against Aid Workers

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

Association between Cross-Cultural Social Adaptation and Overseas Life Satisfaction among Chinese Medical Aid Team Members (CMATMs) in Africa

Association between Cross-Cultural Social Adaptation and Overseas Life Satisfaction among Chinese Medical Aid Team Members (CMATMs) in Africa

Reflections from the Lebanese field: “First, heal thyself”

Disaggregated determinants of aid: Development aid projects in the Philippines

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