Conflict monitoring and error processing: New insights from simultaneous EEG–fMRI

Iannaccone, Reto; Hauser, Tobias U.; Staempfli, Philipp; Walitza, Susanne; Brandeis, Daniel; Brem, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.028

Cited by 182 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Importantly, the finding of a larger conflict negativity amplitude over frontocentral sites for the incongruent condition indicate a central and anterior scalp distribution for this component, which fits very well with the hypothesis of an anterior cingulate262728294041 and dorsolateral prefrontal generator42, advanced in other studies with similar paradigms involving conflict resolution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…have provided evidence that the ACC is more involved in solving early top-down conflicts with invalid trials (reflected on scalp surface by a frontocentral negativity). Most importantly, a study by Iannaccone et al 29. was able to spatially and temporally dissociate conflict and error processing using simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI data during a modified Flanker task.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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How voluntary orienting of attention and alerting modulate costs of conflict processing

Zani

Proverbio

2017

Sci Rep

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There is evidence that pre-cued valid orienting of attention to competing information diminishes costs of brain processing of conflict. Still unclear, because scantily addressed by neuroimaging studies and mostly analyzed by means of behavioral indexing, it is whether conflict undergoes an equivalent modulation by tonic and pre-cued phasic alerting. Here, we investigated the functional relationships between attention orienting, alerting and executive systems using the Attention Network Test (ANT). Both reaction times (RTs) and ERPs were recorded. In line with previous literature, results showed that both RTs and a so-called ERPs conflict negativity (CN), prominent at anterior scalp and indexing conflict processing, were positively modulated by a prior valid orienting of attention onto the location of conflicting stimuli. Indeed, in this condition both kinds of markers showed faster latencies, while CN also reached higher amplitude values than in both alerting conditions, and, in turn, in pre-cued phasic alerting than in uncued tonic alerting. Moreover, while CN was larger over the right hemisphere independent of functional conditions, it was strongly modulated by the latter over the left hemisphere. Our ERP findings support the views of conflict modulation by both orienting and phasic alerting and of a functional integration between attentional brain networks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How voluntary orienting of attention and alerting modulate costs of conflict processing

Zani

Proverbio

2017

Sci Rep

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“…Previous literature on the general population shows that error-monitoring processes and other measures of cognitive control are not only behaviorally, but also anatomically dissociable. A recent study using concurrent electroencephalogram and functional imaging found that cognitive control as measured by the congruency effect is related to activity in the more dorsally located SMA, whereas error monitoring is related to activity in a larger portion extending from the SMA over the aMCC to more rostrally located rostral anterior cingulate cortex (Iannacone, Hauser, Staempfli, Walitza, & Brem, 2015). The rostral anterior cingulate cortex shows altered activity in alexithymia (Bertoz et al, 2002;Frewen et al, 2008;Paradiso, Vaidyia, Cormick, Jones, & Robinson, 2008;Sutherland, Carroll, Salmeron, Ross, & Stein, 2013), and the present results indicate a reduced impact of emotions on error monitoring in alexithymia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Error monitoring is related to processing internal affective states

Maier

Scarpazza

Starita

et al. 2016

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Detecting behavioral errors is critical for optimizing performance. Here, we tested whether error monitoring is enhanced in emotional task contexts, and whether this enhancement depends on processing internal affective states. Event-related potentials were recorded in individuals with low and high levels of alexithymia-that is, individuals with difficulties identifying and describing their feelings. We administered a face word Stroop paradigm (Egner, Etkin, Gale, & Hirsch, 2008) in which the task was to classify emotional faces either with respect to their expression (happy or fearful; emotional task set) or with respect to their gender (female or male; neutral task set). The error-related negativity, a marker of rapid error monitoring, was enhanced in individuals with low alexithymia when they adopted the emotional task set. By contrast, individuals with high alexithymia did not show such an enhancement. Moreover, in the high-alexithymia group, the difference in the error-related negativities between the emotional and neutral task sets correlated negatively with difficulties identifying their own feelings, as measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. These results show that errormonitoring activity is stronger in emotional task contexts and that this enhancement depends on processing internal affective states.

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“…Recent neuroimaging work suggests that although errors and conflict recruit overlapping regions of the presupplementary motor area, they are also distinguishable, with errors especially activating the rostral cingulate zone [71]. This might suggest that although both errors and conflict involve the inhibition of competing motor plans [72], errors might be particularly affective, enlisting stronger emotional responses and, as a result, greater adjustments in subsequent control.…”

Section: Conflict Is Aversivementioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional foundations of cognitive control

Inzlicht¹,

Bartholow²,

Hirsh³

2015

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

423

362

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Often seen as the paragon of higher cognition, here we suggest that cognitive control is dependent on emotion. Rather than asking whether control is influenced by emotion, we ask whether control itself can be understood as an emotional process. Reviewing converging evidence from cybernetics, animal research, cognitive neuroscience, and social and personality psychology, we suggest that cognitive control is initiated when goal conflicts evoke phasic changes to emotional primitives that both focus attention on the presence of goal conflicts and energize conflict resolution to support goal-directed behavior. Critically, we propose that emotion is not an inert byproduct of conflict but is instrumental in recruiting control. Appreciating the emotional foundations of control leads to testable predictions that can spur future research.

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Conflict monitoring and error processing: New insights from simultaneous EEG–fMRI

Cited by 182 publications

References 67 publications

How voluntary orienting of attention and alerting modulate costs of conflict processing

How voluntary orienting of attention and alerting modulate costs of conflict processing

Error monitoring is related to processing internal affective states

Emotional foundations of cognitive control

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