Conflict Detection and Resolution in IoT Systems: A Survey

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) systems are becoming ubiquitous in various cyber–physical infrastructures, including buildings, vehicular traffic, goods transport and delivery, manufacturing, health care, urban farming, etc. Often multiple such IoT subsystems are deployed in the same physical area and designed, deployed, maintained, and perhaps even operated by different vendors or organizations (or “parties”). The collective operational behavior of multiple IoT subsystems can be characterized via (1) a set of operational rules and required safety properties and (2) a collection of IoT-based services or applications that interact with one another and share concurrent access to the devices. In both cases, this collective behavior often leads to situations where their operation may conflict, and the conflict resolution becomes complex due to lack of visibility into or understanding of the cross-subsystem interactions and inability to do cross-subsystem actuations. This article addresses the fundamental problem of detecting and resolving safety property violations. We detail the inherent complexities of the problem, survey the work already performed, and layout the future challenges. We also highlight the significance of detecting/resolving conflicts proactively, i.e., dynamically but with a look-ahead into the future based on the context.

Realizing an excellent solution for detecting and solving conflicts between viewpoints of designers in self-adaptive systems

“…The works [6,[8][9][10], and [11] indicated that the present SASs are capable of detecting and resolving conflicts between adaptation rules at runtime. However, further enhancing SAS's adaptive capacity requires a significant increase in the number of adaptive rules, resulting in determining solutions for the conflicts becoming more complex and consuming time.…”

DLBRT: Dynamic Load-Balance Real-Time Scheduling Model in Fog-Cloud Colony

“…A communication infrastructure and computing units are required to implement the Internet of Things concept [2]. IoT storage, connectivity, and computing provisioning are all made possible by cloud computing [3,4].…”