Conflict and cooperation in American‐Soviet relations: What have we learned from quantitative research?

Patchen, Martin

doi:10.1080/03050629108434774

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the regression-based empirical models of Majeski (1985) and McGinnis and Williams (1989), for instance, countries' behavior is assumed to follow a random walk process and only the shocks or the error terms in the equations of each country are expected to be correlated. 1 The empirical results, as reviewed by Goldstein and Freeman (1990) and Patchen (1990), only partially support this approach however. Many empirical studies are in favor of the basic inertia-reciprocity, or action-reaction, model, which is also used in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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An exploration of multi‐country political conflict/cooperation interdependence

Kang¹,

Reuveny²

2000

International Interactions

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Previous investigations of dynamic conflict actions and reactions among major countries have generally assumed the unit of analysis to be either a dyad or a triad. Our objective of the papais to explore this assumption. The empirical analysis employs quarterly political conflict/cooperation among the United States, the (former) Soviet Union, China, Japan, and (West) Germany from 19S0 to 1991. The model consists of a system of dynamic multiple regression equations. Various groups formed among mese countries are tested to find out whether they can be considered an autonomous unit of analysis. The analysis reveals several groups of countries whose political relations can be considered to be autonomous. In particular, either the United States-the Soviet Union dyad or the United States-the Soviet Union-China triad is not an appropriate, autonomous unit of analysis in dynamic conflict 129 Downloaded by [North Dakota State University] at 17:01 07 December 2014 130 H. KANG AND R. REUVENY action-reaction models, because these countries are significantly influenced by the presence of other countries. New directions for future research are also suggested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…5. For reviews of this literature, see Goldstein and Freeman (1990), Patchen (1990), and Moore (1995). 6.…”

Section: Downloaded By [North Dakotamentioning

confidence: 98%

An exploration of multi‐country political conflict/cooperation interdependence

Kang¹,

Reuveny²

2000

International Interactions

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“…Also, an actor is less likely to reciprocate cooperative actions by another if the initiator of cooperation is weaker than herself (Patchen, 1988;1991). During the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, as the Soviets became more equal to the U.S. in strategic power they were more likely to reciprocate lowintensity conflictive actions by the United States (Hybel and Robertson, 1978;Bobrow, 1982).…”

Section: Value and Expectancy Of Winning Fightmentioning

confidence: 96%

When Does Reciprocity in the Actions of Nations Occur?

Patchen¹

1998

Int Negot

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To understand the occurrence of reciprocation, we must consider the ways in which the prior actions of another nation may affect decision makers' expectancies and the values they give to various possible outcomes of the interaction. Cooperative prior action by the other tends to raise the actor's expectancy that his own cooperative action will result in mutual cooperation and also to increase the intrinsic value of cooperation. Conflictive actions by the other nation will tend to raise the value that decision makers place on winning over the other and to decrease their expectancies that cooperative behavior will result in mutual cooperation. While the prior actions of the other tend to lead to reciprocation, its occurrence depends also on other factors that affect national leaders' expectancies and values. Relevant other factors include the extent to which the nations are dependent on exchange relations with each other and the relative power of the two sides. Mutual reciprocity is most likely when there is a high and balanced level of exchange and when the power of the two sides is about equal.

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“…The reciprocation of negative actions more than the reciprocation of positive actions is indicative of conflictful rather than cooperative behavior. Patchen (1991) indicates that when coercive tactics were employed against a nation, that nation's tendency was to reciprocate coercion. Frei and Ruloff's (1988) examination of US and USSR relations revealed perceptual consequences of cooperative and conflictful initiatives.…”

Section: The Us and Russia: Power Symmetry Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The United States and Russia in the New World Order: The Dynamics of Reciprocity and the Attributional Assessment of Perception and Behavior

Bogumil¹

2002

soc behav pers

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International relations research has examined the relationship of the United States and Russia using a theoretical framework of reciprocity. The reciprocity research has subsumed the attributional characteristics of these actions and events that have shaped this relationship. This study evaluates the relationship between the United States and Russia. This dyadic relationship is examined by a reconceptualization of the character of reciprocal interaction between the United States and Russia. Reciprocity and attribution theory provide a heuristic to elucidate the transition to a New World Order. The international relations research on reciprocity reveals the general case for reciprocity between the United States and Russia. Attribution theory permits the decomposition of the perceptual and behavioral states of dyadic interactants. This paper proposes the reconceptualization of the reciprocal relationship between the US and Russia using attribution theory. Reciprocity has been examined in terms of the levels of cooperation and conflict (Azar

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Conflict and cooperation in American‐Soviet relations: What have we learned from quantitative research?

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

An exploration of multi‐country political conflict/cooperation interdependence

An exploration of multi‐country political conflict/cooperation interdependence

When Does Reciprocity in the Actions of Nations Occur?

The United States and Russia in the New World Order: The Dynamics of Reciprocity and the Attributional Assessment of Perception and Behavior

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