Confirmatory factor and measurement invariance analyses of the emotion regulation questionnaire

Abstract

Emotion regulation is widely studied in many areas of psychology and the number of publications on emotion regulation has increased exponentially over the past few decades. Additionally, interest in the relationships between emotion dysregulation processes and psychopathology has drastically increased in recent years. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) was developed to measure two specific constructs related to emotion control: reappraisal and suppression (Gross & John, 2003). In its initial validation study and subsequent analyses, the instrument was shown to possess sound psychometric properties, but, to date, inquiry regarding the measure's characteristics has been limited. Factor analytic examinations of commonly used instruments are recommended to validate the properties of a given measure and increase researchers understanding of the measured constructs. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the ERQ in a sample of 1,188 undergraduates through confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, tests of measurement invariance were employed in order to examine potential structural differences based on gender and ethnicity. The current study supported the original structure of the measure with all demographic groups and exceptional fit was demonstrated. Additional normative data for gender and ethnic groups are included. Results support the use of the instrument in future research.

Portuguese validation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA): relations with self-esteem and life satisfaction

“…The orthogonal/ independent model showed to be the best fit among different models tested, confirming that reappraisal and suppression are two independent emotion regulatory strategies that adolescents use differently across daily contexts and situations. This result is consistent (Balzarotti et al 2010;Cabello et al 2013;Gross and John 2003;Gullone and Taffe 2012;John and Gross 2004;Melka et al 2011). This Portuguese questionnaire (QRE-CA) revealed an acceptable internal consistency for the reappraisal subscale.…”

“…Also, the decision between models should rely on previous research (Preacher 2006). Studies with the ERQ-CA have shown that reappraisal and suppression subscales are orthogonal, meaning that these are two independent emotion regulatory strategies (Balzarotti et al 2010;Cabello et al 2013;Gross and John 2003;Gullone and Taffe 2012;John and Gross 2004;Melka et al 2011). Hence, for these two reasons we chose model C (Fig.…”

Validation of the Serbian Adaptation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Erq)

“…Testiranjem polnih razlika dobijeno je da muškarci ostvaruju više skorove na ES, dok razlike u KP nisu značajne, što je u skladu sa ranijim istraživanjima (Balzarotti et al, 2010;Cabello et al, 2013;Gross & John, 2003;Melka et al, 2011;Wiltink et al, 2011). Ipak, veličina Cohenovog d koeficijenta ukazuje na to da su razlike male (Cohen, 1988), tako da će se dalja analiza raditi na celom uzorku.…”

“…Naime, u primeni na studentskoj populaciji dosledno se dobijaju polne razlike u emocionalnoj supresiji, pri čemu muškarci ostvaruju više skorove, dok u kognitivnoj preformulaciji nisu zabeležene polne razlike (Gross & John, 2003;John & Gross, 2004;Melka et al, 2011). Međutim, istraživanja na opštoj populaciji ne daju tako jednoznačne rezultate.…”

Emotion socialization and families of children with and without ADHD.

“…Furthermore, the two regulation styles have been found to be significantly associated with parents' usage of supportive and nonsupportive contingent reactions (Meyer et al, 2014). The measure has demonstrated good internal reliability, test-retest reliability, and measurement equivalence across gender and ethnicity (Gross & John, 2003;Melka, Lancaster, Bryant, & Rodriguez, 2011). Within the current study, …”