Confirmatory factor analysis of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in Spanish adolescents

Abstract

In an adolescent population from Southern Europe, the GHQ-12 showed high internal consistency. The factor structure that best fitted the data was the Graetz three-dimensional model. However, the high correlations observed between factors suggest that the GHQ-12 should be used as a unidimensional scale, as currently done.

Psychometric properties of the General Health Questionnaire-12 in a sample of Hong Kong employees

“…Originally, the GHQ-12 was developed as a unidimensional scale (Winefield, Goldney, Winefield & Tiggemann, 1989). However, alternative two-and three-factor models have also been proposed because these models may indicate different psychological problems encountered by individuals (Najarkolaei et al, 2014;Padrón et al, 2012). Werneke, Goldberg, Yalcin and Ustun (2000) showed that a two-factor model, consisting of 'Social Dysfunction' and 'Anxiety/Depression' factors, was supported.…”

The factor structure of the general health questionnaire (GHQ12) in Saudi Arabia

“…Alternatively, other multidimensional models such as 2 or 3 factors, are projected to be more suitable. As a result, a three-factor model, projected by Graetz in 1991, has much empirical support behind it [27][28][29][30][31]. These three factors include GPH-1 (social dysfunction & anhedonia; 6 items), GPH-2 (depression & anxiety; 4 items), and GPH-3 (loss of confidence; 2 items).…”

¿Afecta la forma de puntuación la estructura factorial del GHQ-12? Estudio exploratorio en estudiantes iberoamericanos

“…Esto es consistente con la literatura, que ha mostrado que el modelo multidimensional posee un mejor ajuste que el de un factor, además de ser el modelo que posee el mejor soporte factorial para el GHQ-12 20 . Los hallazgos de este estudio son congruentes con estudios previos 4,21,22 . …”

“…Esta última adaptación fue traducida y adecuada a diversos idiomas y goza de una gran popularidad en cuanto a su uso. Esto se debe, principalmente, a su buen funcionamiento y reducida extensión, reportándose propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, mostrando validez y confiabilidad satisfactorias y presentando, además, una consistencia interna que va de un rango de 0,80 a 0,90 dependiendo del estudio 3,4 . En cuanto a la correlación de cada uno de los ítems con los demás, se han observado valores de correlación superiores a 0,51.…”