Confirmation of the Sublimation Activity of the Primitive Main-Belt Asteroids 779 Nina, 704 Interamnia, and 145 Adeona, as well as its Probable Spectral Signs on 51 Nemausa and 65 Cybele

The article is a review of the state of research on physical processes occurring near the surface of airless bodies, in particular, the Moon, asteroids, comets, which lead to their erosion, that is, to the modification of superficial and sometimes even deeper layers. External influences on the bodies are considered—micrometeor streams, solar wind and geomagnetic tail plasma flows, solar electromagnetic radiation, and cosmic rays, which are the main causes of erosion. The main features of airless bodies belonging to different classes are given. The main physical mechanisms that can lead to the release and removal of dust particles from the surface of regolith are analyzed, in particular, the energy aspects of high-speed micrometeor impacts, electrostatic processes of particle release from the surface, and thermodynamic processes occurring in the near-surface layers of cometary nuclei. The conditions for the removal of dust particles from the surface of a rotating body and the conditions under which the body can collapse are considered. Depending on the characteristics of these bodies, the processes of erosion, as well as the causes of its occurrence, can vary significantly. The main unresolved problems associated with the processes of erosion of bodies, which require further research, are considered.

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Long-lasting activity of asteroid (248370) 2005 QN173

Ivanova

Licandro

Moreno

et al. 2023

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present the results of observations of asteroid (248370) QN173 obtained during July 2021 – January 2022 with three telescopes. Our analysis revealed the presence of the dust tail for about half of a year. The direct images of the asteroid were obtained with broad-band filters. No emissions were revealed in the spectra, and the spectrum of the asteroid closely matched that of a C-type asteroid. Created color and linear polarization variations along the tail were analyzed. The asteroid demonstrated a redder color compared to the Sun. Dramatic changes in dust productivity obtained in different filters were not detected. The g − r color changes from 0.2m to 0.7m over the coma, and the linear polarization degree varies from about 1.2% to 0.2% and from −0.2% to −1.5% at the phase angle of 23.2○ and 8.16○. The total dust mass ejected until the latest observation on October 10 is 4.2 × 107 kg, with a maximum rate of 2.6 kg s−1 based on the Monte Carlo modeling of the dust tail. The estimated asteroid size is 1.3 km. It is shown that large particles are concentrated around the nucleus, whereas smaller ones dominate in the tail. The evolution of (248370) QN173 orbit and the orbits of the sample of the 464 short-periodic comets were followed. Ten of them approached the asteroid’s orbit. These objects are not genetically related, despite the very close distance of their orbits for a relatively long time.

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Confirmation of the Sublimation Activity of the Primitive Main-Belt Asteroids 779 Nina, 704 Interamnia, and 145 Adeona, as well as its Probable Spectral Signs on 51 Nemausa and 65 Cybele

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Simultaneous sublimation activity of primitive asteroids including (24) Themis and (449) Hamburga: Spectral signs of an exosphere and the solar activity impact

Simultaneous sublimation activity of primitive asteroids including (24) Themis and (449) Hamburga: Spectral signs of an exosphere and the solar activity impact

Physical processes leading to surface erosion and dust particles dynamics of airless bodies

Long-lasting activity of asteroid (248370) 2005 QN173

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