Confirmation of Anopheles balabacensis as natural vector of malaria caused by Plasmodium knowlesi inhabits forested areas in Kecamatan Balik Bukit, Western Lampung Regency

Wibowo, Agus Hari; Umniyati, Sitti Rahmah; Hutagalung, Jontari; Rahayu, Tanti

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202015101028

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Anopheles leucosphyrus is located in all provinces of Sumatra and in all provinces of Kalimantan except Central Kalimantan [ 34 , 36 ]. Anopheles balabacensis is present in North, South, and East Kalimantan, Sumatra (Aceh, Jambi, Bengkulu, Lampung), Riau islands, Java (Central and Yogyakarta), West Nusa Tenggara, and North Sulawesi [ 34 – 37 ], whereas An. introlatus is only found in the provinces of Sumatra [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review of Plasmodium knowlesi in Indonesia: a risk of emergence in the context of capital relocation to Borneo?

et al. 2022

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Background The Indonesian Republic plans to relocate its capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, Borneo Island, in the next few years. This relocation may be associated with deforestation, decreased biodiversity, and an increased risk of emerging zoonotic infections, including Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. The Malaysian part of Borneo Island is one of the main hotspots of P. knowlesi malaria. Methods Considering this risk, we evaluated the transmission dynamics of P. knowlesi in the Indonesian Archipelago based on a literature search and extensive review of data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Results We report that 545 P. knowlesi cases were documented in Indonesia, mainly in the Aceh and North Sumatra provinces, with 95% of these occurring in the last 4 years. Conclusions The main P. knowlesi vectors are present in the area of the future capital, requiring strengthened surveillance to reduce the risk of emerging cases in a rapidly growing population.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of note, P. knowlesi DNA was detected in an An. balabacensis from Lampung province [ 37 ]. Data on P. knowlesi vectors and hosts were extracted from the studies listed in Table 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of Plasmodium knowlesi in Indonesia: a risk of emergence in the context of capital relocation to Borneo?

et al. 2022

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“…Given this requirement, continued surveillance and mitigation of P. knowlesi throughout at-risk regions of Indonesia will be important. Between the period of 2015 and 2020, a small number of studies have identified substantial numbers of P. knowlesi infections within Indonesia [68][69][70], particularly within northern Sumatra [56,71,72], a region identified as a valuable target for surveillance effort in the 2015 model [31]. Despite this, the Indonesian region of Kalimantan on the island of Borneo still has a relative scarcity of occurrence data given its high predicted transmission suitability and the number of P. knowlesi cases reported in adjacent areas of Malaysia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updating estimates of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria risk in response to changing land use patterns across Southeast Asia

Tobin,

Harrison,

Tully

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Plasmodium knowlesi is a zoonotic parasite that causes malaria in humans. The pathogen has a natural host reservoir in certain macaque species and is transmitted to humans via mosquitoes of the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group. The risk of human P. knowlesi infection varies across Southeast Asia and is dependent upon environmental factors. Understanding this geographic variation in risk is important both for enabling appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the disease and for improving the planning and evaluation of malaria elimination. However, the data available on P. knowlesi occurrence are biased towards regions with greater surveillance and sampling effort. Predicting the spatial variation in risk of P. knowlesi malaria requires methods that can both incorporate environmental risk factors and account for spatial bias in detection. Methods & results We extend and apply an environmental niche modelling framework as implemented by a previous mapping study of P. knowlesi transmission risk which included data up to 2015. We reviewed the literature from October 2015 through to March 2020 and identified 264 new records of P. knowlesi, with a total of 524 occurrences included in the current study following consolidation with the 2015 study. The modelling framework used in the 2015 study was extended, with changes including the addition of new covariates to capture the effect of deforestation and urbanisation on P. knowlesi transmission. Discussion Our map of P. knowlesi relative transmission suitability estimates that the risk posed by the pathogen is highest in Malaysia and Indonesia, with localised areas of high risk also predicted in the Greater Mekong Subregion, The Philippines and Northeast India. These results highlight areas of priority for P. knowlesi surveillance and prospective sampling to address the challenge the disease poses to malaria elimination planning.

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Zoonotic malaria transmission and land use change in Southeast Asia: what is known about the vectors

Straat

Sebayang

Grigg

et al. 2022

Malar J

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Zoonotic Plasmodium infections in humans in many Southeast Asian countries have been increasing, including in countries approaching elimination of human-only malaria transmission. Most simian malarias in humans are caused by Plasmodium knowlesi, but recent research shows that humans are at risk of many different simian Plasmodium species. In Southeast Asia, simian Plasmodium species are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes in the Anopheles leucosphyrus and Anopheles dirus complexes. Although there is some evidence of species outside the Leucosphyrus Group transmitting simian Plasmodium species, these await confirmation of transmission to humans. The vectors of monkey malarias are mostly found in forests and forest fringes, where they readily bite long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques (the natural reservoir hosts) and humans. How changing land-uses influence zoonotic malaria vectors is still poorly understood. Fragmentation of forests from logging, agriculture and other human activities is associated with increased zoonotic Plasmodium vector exposure. This is thought to occur through altered macaque and mosquito distributions and behaviours, and importantly, increased proximity of humans, macaques, and mosquito vectors. Underlying the increase in vector densities is the issue that the land-use change and human activities create more oviposition sites and, in correlation, increases availably of human blood hosts. The current understanding of zoonotic malaria vector species is largely based on a small number of studies in geographically restricted areas. What is known about the vectors is limited: the data is strongest for distribution and density with only weak evidence for a limited number of species in the Leucosphyrus Group for resting habits, insecticide resistance, blood feeding habits and larval habitats. More data are needed on vector diversity and bionomics in additional geographic areas to understand both the impacts on transmission of anthropogenic land-use change and how this significant disease in humans might be controlled.

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Confirmation of Anopheles balabacensis as natural vector of malaria caused by Plasmodium knowlesi inhabits forested areas in Kecamatan Balik Bukit, Western Lampung Regency

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Systematic review of Plasmodium knowlesi in Indonesia: a risk of emergence in the context of capital relocation to Borneo?

Systematic review of Plasmodium knowlesi in Indonesia: a risk of emergence in the context of capital relocation to Borneo?

Updating estimates of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria risk in response to changing land use patterns across Southeast Asia

Zoonotic malaria transmission and land use change in Southeast Asia: what is known about the vectors

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