Confirmation of hydrated electrons formation during the moving single-bubble sonolysis: Activation of Tb3+ ion sonoluminescence by eaq- acceptors in an aqueous solution

Turning single bubble sonoluminescence from blue in pure water to green by adding trace amount of carbon nanodots

“…2 . It should be noted that in our experiments, the spatial location of sonoluminescing bubble around the focal spot is a bit random, similar to those reported by other groups [28] , [29] . This effect is more obvious in the photos of SL with a shorter exposure time of 0.62 s (see Fig.…”

Computational simulation of ionization processes in single-bubble and multi-bubble sonoluminescence

“…In the present study, certain parameters in the experiment conducted by Sharipov [20] were referenced in the numerical calculation. Table 1 lists the parameters used.…”

“…) To illustrate the generating in SBSL in TbCl 3 aqueous solution, the ionized electron density should be considered by assuming that the reaction process occurs during water sonolysis, [20]…”

“…[19] In addition, they confirmed the formation of e − aq during the moving SBSL (MSBSL) by the activation of Tb(III) ion sonoluminescence owing to e − aq acceptors in aqueous solution, whereas e − aq is absent in MBSL in the same solution. [20] This is because the peak temperature achieved during MSBSL is 2000-2500 K higher than that achieved during MBSL, which results in a higher degree of ionization during SBSL than during MBSL. For MSBSL, the electrons ejected from the bubble into the solution form the e − aq combination with H 2 O, while the electronic component of the plasma in the bubble is absent for MBSL.…”

Sonolysis and Super Critical Water Oxidation (SCWO): Development Maturity and Potential for Destroying PFAS

“…The kinetic energy of the cavity and the surface energy generated at the interface of the cavity and compressible liquid is converted into extreme pressure, temperature, shockwave, and chemical energy during the implosion of the cavity; c. The hydrophilic PFAS headgroups align to the bulk liquid while the hydrophobic fluorocarbon chain aligns to the vapor phase inside the cavity. Acoustically induced extreme environments generate localized supercritical conditions (Wang et al 2019) and highly reactive radicals, including solvated electrons (Kotronarou et al 1991; Moriwaki et al 2005; Dharmarathne et al 2013; Sharipov et al 2020; Kalra et al 2021; Sidnell et al 2022). The combination of these extreme conditions pyrolyze the headgroup from the fluorocarbon chain, which is further broken down to aqueous fluoride, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide over various cavitation events.…”