Confirmation of amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA and MDMA in urine samples using disk solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after immunoassay screening

Zeng-ping, Huang; Zhang, Shaoyu

doi:10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00269-1

Cited by 59 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition, urine testing provides a relatively long detection window for drugs due to stability of drugs in its medium [5]. To date, many methods have been reported to assess amphetamines in human urine samples [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In 2006, Pedersen-Bjergaard et al introduced an interesting analytical extraction technique, termed electromembrane extraction (EME).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic extraction on artificial liquid membranes of amphetamine-type stimulants from urine samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis

Seidi

Yamini

Baheri³

et al. 2011

Journal of Chromatography A

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic extraction on artificial liquid membranes of amphetamine-type stimulants from urine samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis

Seidi

Yamini

Baheri³

et al. 2011

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…Amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4 -methylenedioxyamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine Urine SPME GC MS 0.4 ng/mL to 9.5 ng/mL [111] 9.…”

Section: Stimulants and Narcoticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of biological samples using solid-phase microextraction

et al. 2009

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Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has gained widespread acceptance for analyte-matrix separation and preconcentration. SPME is a simple, effective adsorption/ desorption technique that eliminates the need for solvents or complicated apparatus for concentrating volatile or nonvolatile compounds in liquid samples or headspace. SPME is compatible with analyte separation/detection by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography and provides linear results for a wide range of concentrations of analytes. By controlling the polarity and thickness of the coating on the fiber, maintaining consistent sampling time, and adjusting several other extraction parameters, an analyst can ensure highly reliable results for low concentrations of analytes. This review provides updated information on SPME with chromatographic separation for the extraction and measurement of different analytes in biological fluids and materials. Firstly the background to the technique is given in terms of apparatus, fibers used, extraction conditions and derivatisation procedures. Then the different matrices, urine, blood, breast milk, hair and saliva are considered separately. Finally, the future potential of SPME for the analysis of biological samples in terms of the development of new devices and fiber chemistries as well as applications for in vivo studies are discussed.

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“…To prove the intake of phenethylamines and cannabis, drug tests are now mainly carried out using human urine (Widdop, 1986;Kumazawa et al, 1993;Suzuki et al, 2008;Huang and Zhang, 2003;Yamamoto et al, 1990;Dixit, 1991). Among abuse drugs, however, phenethylamines are basic substances and 11-nor-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH), which is the major metabolite of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in human urine, is an acidic substance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of simultaneous stir bar sorptive extraction of phenethylamines and THC metabolite from urine

et al. 2011

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-Stir bar sorptive extraction is a technique used for extracting target substances from various aqueous matrixes such as environmental water, food, and biological samples. This type of extraction is carried out by rotating a coated stir bar is rotated in the sample solution. In particular, Twister bar is a commercial stir bar that is coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and used to perform sorptive extraction. In this study, we developed a method for simultaneous detection of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and a Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabiniol (THC) metabolite in human urine. For extracting the target analytes, the Twister bar was simply stirred in the sample in the presence of a derivatizing agent. Using this technique, phenethylamines and the acidic THC metabolite can be simultaneously extracted from human urine. This method also enables the extraction of trace amounts of these substances with good reproducibility and high selectivity. The proposed method offers many advantages over other extraction-based approaches and is therefore well suited for screening psychoactive substances in urine specimens.

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Confirmation of amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA and MDMA in urine samples using disk solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after immunoassay screening

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Electrokinetic extraction on artificial liquid membranes of amphetamine-type stimulants from urine samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis

Electrokinetic extraction on artificial liquid membranes of amphetamine-type stimulants from urine samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis

Analysis of biological samples using solid-phase microextraction

Method of simultaneous stir bar sorptive extraction of phenethylamines and THC metabolite from urine

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