Confinement of iodides in carbon porosity to prevent from positive electrode oxidation in high voltage aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitors

Przygocki, Patryk; Abbas, Qamar; Babuchowska, Paulina; Béguin, François

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.09.060

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Confinement in such electrodes may change rates of individual reaction steps and hence the stability of I 2 and I 3 − . While the polyiodides I 3 − and I 5 − are generally accepted to form during I − oxidation, described mechanisms are ambiguous 2,3,7,8,[18][19][20] . Works on carbon-iodine battery cathodes 15,21 suggest that the physico-chemical mechanism during iodide/ iodine oxidation/reduction is similar in both organic and aqueous electrolytes.…”

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Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition in nanoporous carbons

et al. 2020

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Aqueous iodine based electrochemical energy storage is considered a potential candidate to improve sustainability and performance of current battery and supercapacitor technology. It harnesses the redox activity of iodide, iodine, and polyiodide species in the confined geometry of nanoporous carbon electrodes. However, current descriptions of the electrochemical reaction mechanism to interconvert these species are elusive. Here we show that electrochemical oxidation of iodide in nanoporous carbons forms persistent solid iodine deposits. Confinement slows down dissolution into triiodide and pentaiodide, responsible for otherwise significant self-discharge via shuttling. The main tools for these insights are in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (in situ SAXS/WAXS). In situ Raman confirms the reversible formation of triiodide and pentaiodide. In situ SAXS/WAXS indicates remarkable amounts of solid iodine deposited in the carbon nanopores. Combined with stochastic modeling, in situ SAXS allows quantifying the solid iodine volume fraction and visualizing the iodine structure on 3D lattice models at the sub-nanometer scale. Based on the derived mechanism, we demonstrate strategies for improved iodine pore filling capacity and prevention of self-discharge, applicable to hybrid supercapacitors and batteries.

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Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition in nanoporous carbons

et al. 2020

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“…53 This hybrid behavior in alkali metal iodide-based aqueous electrolytes was concluded to be owing to the connement of polyiodides in the porosity of the positive carbon electrode creating a so-called carbon/iodide interface, 54 the connement of polyiodides being conrmed by the measurement of Raman spectra. 53 Effectiveness of the connement of electrochemically-active materials was reported on Sn 55,56 and Ge. 57,58 BaTiO 3 rod-like crystals were synthesized in the nanopores of single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs).…”

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confidence: 99%

Constraint spaces in carbon materials

2019

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“…Activated carbon materials play important roles as electrode materials and have been used to manufacture EDLCs, including commercially available commercial devices. This is because of the excellent electrochemical performance, resulting from their large surface area, tunable pore sizes, chemical resistance, non-corrosion properties, and good electrical conductivities [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. However, the precursors of most carbon materials are usually derived from fossil fuels, which strongly detracts from the environmental benefits of their use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

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Characterization of Activated Carbon Paper Electrodes Prepared by Rice Husk-Isolated Cellulose Fibers for Supercapacitor Applications

Kim

Kwac

et al. 2020

Molecules

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For the preparation of activated carbon papers (APCs) as supercapacitor electrodes, impurity substances were removed from rice husks, before carbonization and various activation temperature treatments, to optimize electro chemical efficiency. The porosities and electrochemical performances of the ACPs depended strongly on activation temperature: The specific surface area increased from 202.92 (500 °C) to 2158.48 m2 g−1 (1100 °C). XRD and Raman analyses revealed that ACP graphitization also increased with the activation temperature. For activation at 1100 °C, the maximum specific capacitance was 255 F g−1, and over 92% of its capacitance was retained after 2000 cycles.

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Confinement of iodides in carbon porosity to prevent from positive electrode oxidation in high voltage aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitors

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition in nanoporous carbons

Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition in nanoporous carbons

Constraint spaces in carbon materials

Characterization of Activated Carbon Paper Electrodes Prepared by Rice Husk-Isolated Cellulose Fibers for Supercapacitor Applications

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