Configurable three-wavelength Raman fiber laser for Raman amplification and dynamic gain flattening

Mermelstein, Marc D.; Headley, C.; Bouteiller, J.-C.; Steinvurzel, P.; Horn, Christopher B.; Feder, K.; Eggleton, Benjamin J.

doi:10.1109/68.969883

Cited by 51 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…If we have the correct P p (z), we can calculate the constants G, Q + and Q − , which gives us full information about the spectra (16) and (17). The simple BVP is very easy to solve numerically, only the correct effective reflectivities are still unknown.…”

Section: Reduction Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, it has been shown that line broadening can significantly stabilize multi-wavelength Raman fiber lasers [16]. The line broadening is usually attributed to nonlinear effects such as four-wave mixing (FWM) or Brillouin scattering [12][13][14]17,18] and there have been several attempts at theoretically calculating the output spectrum of RFLs using various approximations [19][20][21][22][23]. However, a rigorous theoretical treatment of the spectrum of a linear-cavity RFL taking into account FWM without questionable unphysical assumptions has not yet been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical calculation of the linewidth of Raman fiber lasers due to spontaneous Raman scattering

Krause

Renner

2005

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

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Section: Reduction Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical calculation of the linewidth of Raman fiber lasers due to spontaneous Raman scattering

Krause

Renner

2005

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

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“…Furthermore, the number of conversion stages from short to long-wavelength edge may be reduced using P 2 O 5 -doped silica fibres, which present a 3-times larger Raman Stokes shift [2], as the gain media. With the availability of high-power CW laser diode pumps, RFLs present excellent candidates for a variety of applications thanks to their unique attributes, which combine wavelength tunability and multi-wavelength operation [3] with design compactness. Besides, Raman fibre lasers offer an opportunity to increase cavity length by orders of magnitude compared to other types of laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raman fibre lasers (RFLs), which have recently attracted a lot of attention [1][2][3][4][5], utilise the non-linear effect of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) that manifests itself as a shift of the spectrum of propagating electromagnetic radiation towards longer wavelengths. In contrast to bulk media where the light beam should be focused tightly into the substrate to observe the effect, an optical fibre waveguide geometry naturally provides a much stronger SRS effect due to the much higher intensity-length product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ultra-long Raman fibre lasers

Бабин

Karalekas

Podivilov

et al. 2008

Fiber Lasers V: Technology, Systems, and Applications

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We present results on characterization of lasers with ultra-long cavity lengths up to 84km, the longest cavity ever reported. We have analyzed the mode structure, shape and width of the generated spectra, intensity fluctuations depending on length and intra-cavity power. The RF spectra exhibit an ultra-dense cavity mode structure (mode spacing is 1.2kHz for 84km), in which the width of the mode beating is proportional to the intra-cavity power while the optical spectra broaden with power according to the square-root law acquiring a specific shape with exponential wings. A model based on wave turbulence formalism has been developed to describe the observed effects.

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“…Moreover, tunable as well as multiwavelength RFL operation has been proved to be feasible. 2 These quite unique features, coupled with the compactness, practicality, and potential for high efficiency, make RFLs very attractive CW light sources for a variety of applications, such as optical coherence tomography, 3 long-distance remote sensing, 4 and especially in telecommunication, as pump and signal sources for distributed amplified systems (see, e.g., Ref. 5 and references therein).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental demonstration of mode structure in ultralong Raman fiber lasers

et al. 2007

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We present the first experimental demonstration of a resolvable mode structure with spacing c /2nL in the RF spectra of ultralong Raman fiber lasers. The longest ever demonstrated laser cavity ͑L =84 km͒, RF peaks of ϳ100 Hz width and spacing ϳ1 kHz have been observed at low intracavity powers. The width of the peaks increases linearly with growing intracavity power and is almost independent of fiber length. © 2007 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 190.5650, 140.3550. The Raman fiber laser (RFL) is an example of a photonic system relying on the fundamental nonlinear optical effect of stimulated Raman scattering. The stimulated Raman scattering effect in a RFL manifests itself by shifting the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation propagating through an optical fiber towards longer wavelengths. It is then possible to overcome the fiber loss at the shifted Stokes wavelength by providing Raman amplification with a relatively low pump power ͑Ͻ1 W͒. As was demonstrated in Ref. 1, by creating a cavity at the Stokes wavelength, e.g., applying fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as cavity reflectors, a Raman laser might be implemented in a ϳ1 km long fiber waveguide. Since the Raman gain spectrum is rather broad in conventional germanosilicate fibers and multiple-order Stokes shifts can be achieved, RFLs can be designed to operate at almost any wavelength in the near-IR region ͑1.1-1.7 m͒. Moreover, tunable as well as multiwavelength RFL operation has been proved to be feasible. 2 These quite unique features, coupled with the compactness, practicality, and potential for high efficiency, make RFLs very attractive CW light sources for a variety of applications, such as optical coherence tomography, 3 long-distance remote sensing, 4 and especially in telecommunication, as pump and signal sources for distributed amplified systems (see, e.g., Ref. 5 and references therein).The use of noise-efficient distributed Raman amplification in optical communication links has become popular in recent years thanks to the availability of high-power laser pumps, in particular, multiwavelength RFLs providing broadband gain with excellent spectral flatness. This has, in turn, spawned a great deal of interest in research on efficient control and optimization of the signal power evolution within the fiber span (see, e.g., Refs. 5 and 6 and references therein, for an overview of the literature). Recently, an interesting realization of ultralong Raman laser architecture for quasi-lossless signal transmission in fiber communication links has been proposed and implemented. [7][8][9] In such an ultralong laser, the combined forward-and backward-propagating power generated at the Stokes wavelength at ϳ1455 nm inside the cavity of the RFL (formed in the transmission fiber itself) experiences reduced variations along the fiber span. Hence, it can be used as a secondary pump to provide a near constant Raman gain for optical signal propagating at 1550 nm. Quasi-lossless transmission over 75 km within 36 nm bandwidth has been demonstrated in Ref. 9. Evi...

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Configurable three-wavelength Raman fiber laser for Raman amplification and dynamic gain flattening

Cited by 51 publications

References 9 publications

Numerical calculation of the linewidth of Raman fiber lasers due to spontaneous Raman scattering

Numerical calculation of the linewidth of Raman fiber lasers due to spontaneous Raman scattering

Characterization of ultra-long Raman fibre lasers

Experimental demonstration of mode structure in ultralong Raman fiber lasers

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