Configurable Quadrant Photodetector: An Improved Position Sensitive Device

Esper-Chain, R.; Escuela, Alfonso Medina; Fariña, David; Sendra, José Ramón Sendra

doi:10.1109/jsen.2015.2475597

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The guidance for the terminal phase of flight is formulated as a modified proportional law ruled by expression (20). Equation (21) calculates time to target, t go .…”

Section: Modified Proportional Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laser guidance may be provided by means of Semi Active Laser Kits (SAL). These devices are applied in many designing areas, such as calculating rotational speed of objects and estimating dynamics of laser spots [19,20]. The bonus of these kits is their favorable position during the last periods of the guidance, when they can provide high precision for GNC systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying Neural Networks in Aerial Vehicle Guidance to Simplify Navigation Systems

2020

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The Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) of air and space vehicles has been one of the spearheads of research in the aerospace field in recent times. Using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and inertial navigation systems, accuracy may be detached from range. However, these sensor-based GNC systems may cause significant errors in determining attitude and position. These effects can be ameliorated using additional sensors, independent of cumulative errors. The quadrant photodetector semiactive laser is a good candidate for such a purpose. However, GNC systems’ development and construction costs are high. Reducing costs, while maintaining safety and accuracy standards, is key for development in aerospace engineering. Advanced algorithms for getting such standards while eliminating sensors are cornerstone. The development and application of machine learning techniques to GNC poses an innovative path for reducing complexity and costs. Here, a new nonlinear hybridization algorithm, which is based on neural networks, to estimate the gravity vector is presented. Using a neural network means that once it is trained, the physical-mathematical foundations of flight are not relevant; it is the network that returns dynamics to be fed to the GNC algorithm. The gravity vector, which can be accurately predicted, is used to determine vehicle attitude without calling for gyroscopes. Nonlinear simulations based on real flight dynamics are used to train the neural networks. Then, the approach is tested and simulated together with a GNC system. Monte Carlo analysis is conducted to determine performance when uncertainty arises. Simulation results prove that the performance of the presented approach is robust and precise in a six-degree-of-freedom simulation environment.

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“…The guidance for the terminal phase of flight is formulated as a modified proportional law ruled by expression (20). Equation (21) calculates time to target, t go .…”

Section: Modified Proportional Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Neural Networks in Aerial Vehicle Guidance to Simplify Navigation Systems

2020

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“…These simpler tasks often use position-sensitive detectors (PSD) that output a current or voltage giving the 2-d coordinates of a localized light spot cast on a sensor surface. Existing PSDs generally fall into two classes: quadrant photodiodes (QPD) [11][12][13] and lateral effect photosensors (LEP) [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Circuit Angular Displacement Sensor with On-chip Pinhole Aperture

Wijesinghe

Dey

Marshall

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Sensors that remotely track the displacement of a moving object have a wide range of applications from robotic control to motion capture. In this paper, we introduce a simple, small silicon integrated circuit sensor that tracks the angular displacement of an object tagged with a small light source, such as a light-emitting diode (LED). This sensor uses a new angular transduction mechanism, differential diffusion of photoelectrons generated from the light spot cast by the light tag onto a Si anode, that is described by a simple physics model using pinhole optics and carrier diffusion. Because the light spot is formed by a pinhole aperture integrated on the sensor chip, no external focusing optics are needed, reducing system complexity, size, and weight. Prototype sensors based on this model were fabricated and their basic characteristics are presented. These sensors transduce angular displacement of an LED across orthogonal latitudinal and longitudinal arcs into normalized differential photocathode currents with signal linearly proportional to LED angular position across a ± 40° field-of-view. These sensors offer potential performance and ease-of-use benefits compared to existing displacement sensor technologies.

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“…Nonetheless, experimental and theoretical ventures are still being pursued to improve the position estimate and the sensitivity of the quadrant detectors [6][7][8][9][10][11] . This is mainly accomplished either by configuring the quadrant detector or by changing the structure of the beam incident on the quadrant detector [12][13][14][15][16][17] . Ironically, the biggest challenges in the advances of quadrant detection are the calculation of the response and the sensitivity of the quadrant detector 18,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of quadrant detectors to structured beams via convolution integrals

Narag

Hermosa

2017

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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We propose a new expression for the response of a quadrant detector using convolution integrals. This expression, exploiting the properties of the convolution, is easier to evaluate by hand. Computationally, it is also practicable to use since a large number of computer programs can evaluate convolutions right away. We use the new expression to obtain an analytical form of the response of a quadrant detector for a Gaussian beam and for Hermite-Gaussian beams in general. We compare this analytic expression for the response for the Gaussian beam with the approximations from previous studies and with the response obtained through simulations. From the response, we also obtained an analytical form for the sensitivity of the quadrant detector to a Gaussian beam. Lastly, we demonstrate the computational ease of using our new expression for the response by calculating the sensitivity of the quadrant detector to the Bessel beam.

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Configurable Quadrant Photodetector: An Improved Position Sensitive Device

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Applying Neural Networks in Aerial Vehicle Guidance to Simplify Navigation Systems

Applying Neural Networks in Aerial Vehicle Guidance to Simplify Navigation Systems

Integrated Circuit Angular Displacement Sensor with On-chip Pinhole Aperture

Response of quadrant detectors to structured beams via convolution integrals

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