Confidence intervals for an effect size measure based on the Mann–Whitney statistic. Part 1: general issues and tail‐area‐based methods

Newcombe, Robert G.

doi:10.1002/sim.2323

Cited by 150 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This relative effect size statistic, q, can be regarded as expressing the degree of separation between two frequency distributions. The statistic q is analogous to the standardised difference obtained for normally distributed data by dividing the difference of the means by the pooled standard deviation (37,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term follow-up of prenatally treated children at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: does dexamethasone cause behavioural problems?

Hirvikoski

Nordenström

Lindholm³

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objectives: To investigate the long-term effects of prenatal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with emphasis on behavioural problems and temperament. Design: A population-based long-term follow-up study of Swedish children at risk for virilising CAH, who had received treatment prenatally with dexamethasone (DEX). The questionnaire-based follow-up was performed when the children had reached school age. Methods: Standardised parent-completed questionnaires were used to evaluate adaptive functioning, behavioural/emotional problems and psychopathology, social anxiety and temperament in DEXexposed school-aged children (nZ26) and matched controls (nZ35). In addition, the association between parental questionnaires and children's self-ratings was investigated. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between DEX-exposed children and controls in measures of psychopathology, behavioural problems and adaptive functioning. In a questionnaire on temperamental traits, DEX-exposed children were described by their parents as being more sociable than controls (PZ0.042). The correlation analysis showed only modest parent-child agreement on social anxiety, i.e. the increased social anxiety in children's self-ratings was not confirmed by their parents. Conclusions: DEX-treated children showed good overall adjustment. The parent-child agreement with respect to social anxiety was modest, highlighting the importance of multiple information sources and assessment methods. The clinical significance of the observed difference in sociability cannot be determined within the frameworks of this study. Additional studies of larger cohorts are essential to make more decisive conclusions on the safety of the treatment. Until then, it is important that parents are thoroughly informed about the benefits and potential risks and uncertainties of this controversial treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term follow-up of prenatally treated children at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: does dexamethasone cause behavioural problems?

Hirvikoski

Nordenström

Lindholm³

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The accuracy of these systolic parameters for the diagnosis of ARVD was assessed with a nonparametric comparison of the areas under the ROC curves (33)(34)(35)(36). The threshold values of the parameters that succeeded in differentiating patients with diffuse or localized ARVD from control subjects were chosen to maximize Youden's index (37), and the sensitivities and specificities of these tests were computed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Diffuse and Localized Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia by Gated Blood-Pool SPECT

Mariano‐Goulart¹,

Dechaux²,

Rouzet³

et al. 2007

Journal of Nuclear Medicine

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This study aimed to assess the ability of global and local systolic parameters measured with gated blood-pool SPECT (GBPS) to diagnose and characterize the severity of diffuse or localized arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). Methods: Fiftynine subjects with symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias were prospectively included in the study. With the International Society and Federation of Cardiology criteria for ARVD as a gold standard, these subjects were classified as subjects without ARVD (21 control subjects) and patients with localized ARVD (16 patients) or diffuse ARVD (22 patients). Right ventricular volumes, right ventricular ejection fractions (EF), the SD of local EF (s-EF), and the SD of the local times of end systole (s-TES) were computed from GBPS data and compared among the groups in the study population. Results: s-EF did not differ between control subjects and patients with diffuse or localized ARVD. Right ventricular EF and volumes differed between patients with diffuse ARVD and control subjects, with similar areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic curves, but right ventricular EF and volumes failed to differentiate patients with localized ARVD. In contrast, s-TES differed between patients with diffuse or localized ARVD and control subjects. Regression analysis showed that the systolic parameter most strongly associated with the diagnosis of ARVD was s-TES. The probabilities of a randomly chosen patient in the diffuse ARVD group and of a randomly chosen patient in the localized ARVD group having s-TES values greater than that of a randomly chosen control subject were 98.5% and 96.7%, respectively. For the diagnosis of localized ARVD, a threshold of 80 ms for s-TES corresponded to sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 81%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: With GBPS, both diffuse ARVD and localized ARVD can be accurately diagnosed by computing s-TES for all of the pixels on the surface of the right ventricle.

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“…Additional to these analyses, standardised mean difference effect size, Cohen's d, with its 95% confidence interval is also reported (for Mann-Whitney tests, effect sizes and confidence intervals are based on methods developed by Newcombe, 2006aNewcombe, , 2006b). The present study adopted Hattie's (2009) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a Drama-Inspired ‘Mirroring’ Exercise Enhance Mathematical Learning?

Smyrnis

Ginns

2016

The Educational and Developmental Psychologist

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Learning from complex instructional materials typically requires sustained attention, but many learners -both children and adults -may find their minds 'wandering' when learning. Drama educators have argued that 'mirroring' exercises, where students in pairs or groups mirror each other's movements, improve attention; but, to date, evidence for this claim is anecdotal. This exploratory study investigated the effects of a prelearning mirroring intervention on mathematical performance from the perspective of cognitive load theory. Twenty-six university students engaged in a mindful and embodied mirroring activity before learning a rapid mental mathematics strategy. Effects on learning were evaluated using two mathematical problem-solving tests completed after learning the maths strategy. Compared to the non-mirroring condition, students in the mirroring condition solved subsequent test problems more quickly than those in the control condition. Initial evidence thus suggests a mirroring intervention may enhance the quality of learning during mathematics.Keywords: cognitive load theory, embodied cognition, attention, drama education, mirroringCognitive load theory (CLT; Sweller, 2011) is a contemporary educational psychology theory that applies findings from cognitive science to generate effective instructional designs for learning. The theory stipulates a working memory (WM) whose capacity and duration limitations can be circumvented by knowledge in schematic form in long-term memory. Baddeley's (1986) WM model has underpinned the human cognitive architecture used by CLT to generate novel instructional designs. Recently, Schweppe and Rummer (2014) have argued CLT might benefit from considering other WM models as a means of generating novel instructional designs. For example, Kane and Engle's (2002) WM model holds that WM capacity is a function of the ability to control attention, so that information is held in an active, easily retrievable state. Kane and Engle's WM model raises questions as to what instructional activities or designs might best enhance attention control; or, to put it another way, reduce mind wandering as a failure of attentional control. Mind wandering, defined by McVay and Kane (2010) as 'off-task thoughts during an ongoing task or activity ' (p. 188), is one of the most ubiquitous of all mental activities (Killingsworth & Gilbert, 2010),

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Confidence intervals for an effect size measure based on the Mann–Whitney statistic. Part 1: general issues and tail‐area‐based methods

Cited by 150 publications

References 39 publications

Long-term follow-up of prenatally treated children at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: does dexamethasone cause behavioural problems?

Long-term follow-up of prenatally treated children at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: does dexamethasone cause behavioural problems?

Diagnosis of Diffuse and Localized Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia by Gated Blood-Pool SPECT

Does a Drama-Inspired ‘Mirroring’ Exercise Enhance Mathematical Learning?

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