Confidence in data recorded with land seismic recorders

Wireless Geophone Networks for Land Seismic Data Acquisition: A Survey, Tutorial and Performance Evaluation

“…The equipment quality control (QC) data transmitted could be the status of either the battery level, GPS, storage capacity, sensor (tilt, impedance), etc. Although blind systems offer operational efficiency, the risk of having faulty recordings or data loss is high, thereby compromising the quality of data recorded [26]. For most seismic exploration companies, it is of significant importance to have a system that provides some QC information and transmits the seismic data acquired during acquisition, often referred to as real-time systems.…”

“…In such systems, real-time data acquisition requires that data collected by geophones from a particular shot be delivered to the CCU without delaying or interrupting the next shot [12]. Although such systems are termed real-time systems, in reality, data are transmitted to the CCU with a reasonably short latency that depends on the spread or survey configuration, ranging in seconds, and are more factually characterised as "near real-time" systems [26].…”

“…Fairfield Box and Opseis Eagle in the 1980s and 1990s are examples of systems that use the narrow-band VHF radio to send seismic data from field units to the central control unit [38]. Based on the scope and technique of quality control monitoring, the most recent nodal systems available today can be classified as follows [26] [9], which is of significantly lower magnitude as compared to the seismic data. • Real-time nodal units transmit both seismic and QC data to the CCU directly in realtime or with minimal latency during operation.…”