Confidence, Acceptance and Willingness to Pay for the COVID-19 Vaccine among Migrants in Shanghai, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Understanding the public’s attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination and their acceptance could help facilitate the COVID-19 rollout. This study aimed to assess the acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine among migrants in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2126 migrants in Shanghai for the period 1–20 November 2020. Convenience sampling was used to recruit respondents in workplaces with large numbers of migrant workers. Multivariable (ordered) logistic regressions were used to examine factors associated with acceptance and WTP of the COVID-19 vaccine. Most (89.1%) migrants would accept COVID-19 vaccination. Over 90.0% perceived the COVID-19 vaccine as important, while only 75.0% and 77.7% perceived vaccines safe and effective. Socio-demographic factors were not significantly associated with vaccine acceptance, but confidence in the importance (OR 8.71, 95% CI 5.89–12.89), safety (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.24–2.61) and effectiveness (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.83–3.87) of COVID-19 vaccine was significantly positively associated with vaccine acceptance. The top reasons for vaccine hesitancy were lack of vaccine information and confidence. The proportion of those definitely willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine was 20% lower if paid by themselves than free vaccination. Migrants were willing to pay a median amount of USD 46 for the COVID-19 vaccine. Results show that a high acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine was universal among migrants in Shanghai. Concerns about vaccine safety, effectiveness and high costs of the COVID-19 vaccine may hinder their uptake. Effective health communication to build confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine and subsidies toward the costs of these vaccines are needed to improve uptake.

Predictors of Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 in the General Public in Hong Kong: Findings from a Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey

“…Apart from the demographic and HBM factors, we also identified several COVID-19 specific predictors in this study. Parallel to other studies [ 20 , 24 , 27 , 34 ], this study reveals a negative association between concern about vaccine safety and intention to receive the vaccine. That is, the more an individual is concerned about the safety issues, the less likely he or she will receive the vaccine.…”

“…Even when we compared the rates within the Chinese population, intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines in Hong Kong is among the bottom. Previous studies have found that 89–92% of individuals in China were willing to get vaccinated once the vaccines are available [ 34 , 35 ]. Our findings suggest possible discrepancies within a large population of the same ethnicity, and that low vaccination intention may not be an issue solely due to cultural reasons.…”

Knowledge about, attitude and acceptance towards, and predictors of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among cancer patients in Eastern China: A cross-sectional survey

“…A cross-sectional, web-based, anonymous survey was conducted among cancer patients in Eastern China, from June 17th to September 3rd, 2021. The study was conducted using the “Questionnaire Star,” a paid website that helps generate, distribute, and retrieve electronic questionnaires for mobile platforms [44] . Cancer patients over the age of 18 years were invited to participate in the study, and those with cognitive disabilities were excluded.…”

“…The self-report questionnaire was developed to assess knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine, attitude towards the vaccine and acceptance of the vaccine, following a review of similar studies previously published in the scientific literature [30] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] . The questionnaire was developed in English and then translated into Chinese.…”

A National Survey to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Conspiracy Beliefs, Acceptability, Preference, and Willingness to Pay among the General Population of Pakistan

“…The willingness to pay for vaccination is linked to vaccine acceptance. It has been reported in previous studies that vaccine price was significantly associated with vaccine acceptance [ 30 , 31 ]. Pakistan is a lower-middle-income country, where almost 35% of the population lives beneath the poverty line [ 32 ].…”