Confiabilidad de los sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos: Aplicación a la electrificación rural

Abstract

Stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems represent a very useful technology for off-grid electrification, taking advantage of the energy source free disposal and the installation autonomy. The progressive growth in number of systems installed and their distribution worldwide should not hide, however, the existence of difficulties in their implementation and long-term operation. Together with social, economical and even political problems, insufficient technical quality in systems and the low attention paid to maintenance is recognised. With the exception of the PV modules, the reliability of the components of a PV installation and their common integration is not satisfactory. Actually, problems are caused more by the own systems decentralized location and the lack of a deep knowledge of their real operating conditions than by big technical complexities. In this sense, it should be remarked that PV technology has developed, in general, without an optimum benefit from the accumulated experience, and more due to individual initiatives of the various agents implied, with independent projects composed by a low number of systems. Meanwhile, PV engineering does not have, at the moment, the tools for stand-alone PV system operation analysis, from a long-term dependability point of view.Within this context, the Doctoral Thesis presented here, tries to contribute to stand-alone PV system technical quality improvement. Work can be divided in two main and related subjects. From one side, tools for electrical generating systems dependability analysis and modelling are proposed, remarking the main particular characteristics of PV technology. Its practical application to several scenes, which are representative of rural electrification, show the importance of a common handling of failure related reliability, non-operating time for repairing and sizing related reliability. This one includes real components and the effects of the randomness of solar radiation and the uncertainty of energy consumption. Together with this

Evaluación Del Desempeño De Sistemas Fotovoltaicos Autónomos en Zonas Rurales De La Provincia De Corrientes, Argentina

“…Por ejemplo, la vida útil de una batería, el elemento el más crítico en un SFA, se relaciona directamente con sus tensiones de corte en carga y en descarga, las cuales no siempre se ven controladas de la mejor forma. Hasta ahora, los estudios de confiabilidad de los SFA se han centrado fundamentalmente en las labores de dimensionamiento, sin considerar la evolución de los sistemas en operación real, la degradación y averías de sus componentes, ni por lo tanto, sus influencias sobre dicha disponibilidad energética inicialmente estimada (Diaz Villar, 2003).…”