Conference Introduction

Bisplinghoff, R. L.

doi:10.1037/e536152008-003

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Specificity and sensitivity at this threshold were 0.92 and 1.00, respectively. Experiments have found human eye internal rupture pressures to be approximately 0.4 MPa for low rate loading [44][45][46][47][48] and 1 MPa for high rate loading [47,48]. Thus, the rupture pressure used in the current study (1.01 MPa) is consistent with experimentally determined dynamic rupture pressures of the eye.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Evaluation of Different Projectiles in Matched Experimental Eye Impact Simulations

Weaver

Kennedy

Duma

et al. 2011

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Eye trauma resuits in 30,000 cases of hiindness each year in tiie United States and is tiie second leading cause of monocular visual impairment. Eye injury is caused by a wide variety of projectile impacts and loading scenarios with common sources of trauma being motor vehicle crashes, military operations, and sporting impacts. For the current study, 79 experimental eye impact tests in literature were computationally modeled to analyze global and localized responses of the eye to a variety of blunt projectile impacts. Simulations were run with eight different projectiles (airsoft pellets, baseball, air gun pellets commonly known as BBs, blunt impactor, paintball, aluminum, foam, and plastic rods) to characterize effects of the projectile size, mass, geometry, material properties, and velocity on eye response. This study presents a matched compari.son of experimental test results and computational model outputs including stress, energy, and pressure used to evaluate risk of eye injury. In general, the computational results agreed with the e.xperimental results. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to establish the stress and pressure thresholds that best discriminated for globe rupture in the matched experimental tests. Globe rupture is predicted by the computational simulations when the corneoscleral stress exceeds 17.21 MPa or the vitreous pressure exceeds 1.01 MPa. Peak stresses were located at the apex of the cornea, the iimbus, or the equator depending on the type of projectile impacting the eye. A multivariate correlation analysis revealed that area-normalized kinetic energy was the best single predictor of peak stress and pressure. Additional incorporation of a relative size parameter that relates the projectile area to the area of the eye reduced stress response variabititv and max be of importance in eye injury prediction. The modeiing efforts shed light on the injury response of the eye when subjected to a variety of biunt projectile impacts atul further validate the eye model's ability to predict globe rupture. Results of this study are relevant to the design and reguiation of safety systems and equipment to protect against eye injury.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Evaluation of Different Projectiles in Matched Experimental Eye Impact Simulations

Weaver

Kennedy

Duma

et al. 2011

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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“…The firsts Aeroelastic analyses are performed using NASTRANTM solver. NASTRANTM computes matrices of aerodynamic influence coefficients from the input data describing the structural model and also provides an automated interpolation procedure to relate the aerodynamics (panels) to the structural degrees of freedom (structural grid point of the model) [13,14].…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Nastran and Zaeromentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Aeroelastic Problems Calculation Methods Based on Numerical and Experimental Results

Marano¹,

Guida²,

Polito³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The current design process of a new aircraft includes several mod- eling and testing steps.The main purpose of the Ground Vibration Testing is to achieve experimental vibration data of the whole aircraft structure, in terms of frequencies, damping factors, and mode shapes to ensure that the aircraft will be free from any aeroelastic instability and safe to fly in the desired flight envelope. GVT results are also mainly used for validating and eventually im- proving FEM models of the aircraft examined. On the other hand, structural dynamic models are used to predict the flutter behavior and carefully plan the in-flight flutter tests, and lead to mitigation of the risks related to them. This paper aims to compare different aeroelastic methods outcomes achieved using two diverse commercial software: the widely used NASTRAN™ and the most recently developed Zonatech ZAERO. The flutter computation results are obtained by means of P-K, K, and G methods. The first case presented is the aeroelastic analysis of a forward-swept wing whereas the second case concerns the stabilator of a two-seater ultralight aircraft, for which an experimental campaign of vibrations test is also carried out. The structural mode shapes at each generated frequency mode are also visually presented.

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“…In a different type of inflation testing, Bisplinghoff and colleagues investigated the material properties of the eye at high strain rates to simulate the effect of ocular trauma [51]. They developed a piston-driven pressurization system capable of increasing the IOP of cannulated eyes at much higher rates than possible via a syringe pump or other traditional methods of modulating pressure on a laboratory bench.…”

Section: Inflation Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the Posterior Eye: A Critical Role in Health and Disease

Campbell

Coudrillier

Ethier

2014

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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The posterior eye is a complex biomechanical structure. Delicate neural and vascular tissues of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve head that are critical for visual function are subjected to mechanical loading from intraocular pressure, intraocular and extraorbital muscles, and external forces on the eye. The surrounding sclera serves to counteract excessive deformation from these forces and thus to create a stable biomechanical environment for the ocular tissues. Additionally, the eye is a dynamic structure with connective tissue remodeling occurring as a result of aging and pathologies such as glaucoma and myopia. The material properties of these tissues and the distribution of stresses and strains in the posterior eye is an area of active research, relying on a combination of computational modeling, imaging, and biomechanical measurement approaches. Investigators are recognizing the increasing importance of the role of the collagen microstructure in these material properties and are undertaking microstructural measurements to drive microstructurally-informed models of ocular biomechanics. Here, we review notable findings and the consensus understanding on the biomechanics and microstructure of the posterior eye. Results from computational and numerical modeling studies and mechanical testing of ocular tissue are discussed. We conclude with some speculation as to future trends in this field.

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Conference Introduction

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Different Projectiles in Matched Experimental Eye Impact Simulations

Evaluation of Different Projectiles in Matched Experimental Eye Impact Simulations

Comparison of Aeroelastic Problems Calculation Methods Based on Numerical and Experimental Results

Biomechanics of the Posterior Eye: A Critical Role in Health and Disease

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