Cone selective adaptation influences L- and M-cone driven signals in electroretinography and psychophysics, by Kremers, Stepien, Scholl &amp; Saito

Kremers, Jan; Stepień, Maciej W; Scholl, Hendrik P. N.; Saito, Cézar Akiyoshi

doi:10.1167/3.2.3

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The unidirectional nature of these responses to green on red and red on green stimuli indicates that luminance was not their primary driver. The larger amplitudes of responses to green on red, than to the reverse, is possibly due to chromatic adaptation of cone photoreceptors 35 to the stimulus background. This is feasible given that the proportional activation, and therefore adaptation, of L-cones to the green channel is much greater than that of M-cones to red (Fig.…”

Section: Isoluminance and Melanopsin Retinal Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Pupillary Response to Color and Luminance Variant Multifocal Stimuli

Carle

James²,

Maddess³

2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE. We are developing multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP) to assess localized changes in function within visual pathways. In this study, we investigate novel mfPOP stimuli designed to target neural components from either or both the sub-cortical pupillary luminance response and the cortically driven color response.METHODS. Pupillary responses of 12 subjects were recorded to eight mfPOP stimulus variants (protocols). Forty-eight visual field test-regions (24/eye) were stimulated concurrently with uncorrelated sequences of either high or low luminancecontrast, luminance-plus color-contrast, or equiluminant colorexchange stimuli. Stimulus pulses were of 50 ms duration and were presented at mean intervals of 4 seconds/region. Test durations were 4 or 8 minutes; therefore, estimated responses were derived from 60 or 120 stimulus presentations to each test region.RESULTS. Pupillary response amplitudes were more influenced by luminance-contrast than the color-contrast of stimuli; response delays, however, were more closely linked to the proportion of color-versus luminance-contrast in each protocol. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in amplitudes but not delays were present between all three high luminancecontrast protocols and a low luminance-contrast luminance protocol, regardless of color content. The reverse pattern was observed between the equiluminant color exchange protocol and this same low luminance-contrast luminance protocol. Only the low luminance-contrast plus color exchange protocol differed significantly from the low luminance-contrast luminance protocol in both measures.CONCLUSIONS. Two protocols, utilizing low and high luminancecontrast plus color exchange, were identified as likely to incorporate both cortical and subcortical response components, and were deemed potential candidates for further investigation in clinical studies. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.

show abstract

Section: Isoluminance and Melanopsin Retinal Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Pupillary Response to Color and Luminance Variant Multifocal Stimuli

Carle

James²,

Maddess³

2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although we do not know the physiological mechanism of this discrepancy, it is consistent with an ϳ1.5-fold larger contribution of the signal from each M cone relative to the signal from each L cone. One possibility is that the L and M cone gains are separately modified by adaptation to the spectral properties of the measuring lights used (Eisner and MacLeod, 1981;Kremers et al, 2003). An immediate implication of this finding is that the average L:M cone ratio across normal humans is slightly higher than proposed previously from indirect methods (2:1 or 66% L), probably more like 2.5:1 (ϳ71% L).…”

Section: Comparison With Erg-derived Estimates Of L:m Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of the Human Trichromatic Cone Mosaic

Hofer¹,

Carroll²,

Neitz³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

386

311

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using high-resolution adaptive-optics imaging combined with retinal densitometry, we characterized the arrangement of short-(S), middle-(M), and long-(L) wavelength-sensitive cones in eight human foveal mosaics. As suggested by previous studies, we found males with normal color vision that varied in the ratio of L to M cones (from 1.1:1 to 16.5:1). We also found a protan carrier with an even more extreme L:M ratio (0.37:1). All subjects had nearly identical S-cone densities, indicating independence of the developmental mechanism that governs the relative numerosity of L/M and S cones. L:M cone ratio estimates were correlated highly with those obtained in the same eyes using the flicker photometric electroretinogram (ERG), although the comparison indicates that the signal from each M cone makes a larger contribution to the ERG than each L cone. Although all subjects had highly disordered arrangements of L and M cones, three subjects showed evidence for departures from a strictly random rule for assigning the L and M cone photopigments. In two retinas, these departures corresponded to local clumping of cones of like type. In a third retina, the L:M cone ratio differed significantly at two retinal locations on opposite sides of the fovea. These results suggest that the assignment of L and M pigment, although highly irregular, is not a completely random process. Surprisingly, in the protan carrier, in which X-chromosome inactivation would favor L-or M-cone clumping, there was no evidence of clumping, perhaps as a result of cone migration during foveal development.

show abstract

“…Isolating different photoreceptor responses in this manner, however, has the disadvantage of generating results with different adaptation levels of the retina. The state of adaptation influences not only the response characteristics of the isolated photoreceptors but also the mode of operation of postreceptoral pathways (Cameron and Lucas 2009;Eisner and Macleod 1981;Kremers et al 2003;Lee et al 1999;Padmos and van Norren 1971;Swanson 1993). Therefore, responses obtained from differently adapted retinae do not allow direct comparisons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, the method is commonly used in human electrophysiology and psychophysics (Bessler et al 2010;Kremers et al 1999Kremers et al , 2003Shapiro et al 1996;Usui et al 1998aUsui et al , 1998bZele et al 2006). This method has several advantages relative to the selective adaptation method, because the isolation of different photoreceptor types can be achieved without changing the state of adaptation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rod- and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment

Tsai

Atorf

Neitz

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tsai TI, Atorf J, Neitz M, Neitz J, Kremers J. Rod-and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment. J Neurophysiol 114: 2230 -2241, 2015. First published August 5, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00188.2015.-The mouse is commonly used for studying retinal processing, primarily because it is amenable to genetic manipulation. To accurately study photoreceptor driven signals in the healthy and diseased retina, it is of great importance to isolate the responses of single photoreceptor types. This is not easily achieved in mice because of the strong overlap of rod and M-cone absorption spectra (i.e., maxima at 498 and 508 nm, respectively). With a newly developed mouse model (Opn1lw LIAIS ) expressing a variant of the human L-cone pigment (561 nm) instead of the mouse M-opsin, the absorption spectra are substantially separated, allowing retinal physiology to be studied using silent substitution stimuli. Unlike conventional chromatic isolation methods, this spectral compensation approach can isolate single photoreceptor subtypes without changing the retinal adaptation. We measured flicker electroretinograms in these mutants under ketamine-xylazine sedation with double silent substitution (silent S-cone and either rod or M/L-cones) and obtained robust responses for both rods and (L-)cones. Small signals were yielded in wild-type mice, whereas heterozygotes exhibited responses that were generally intermediate to both. Fundamental response amplitudes and phase behaviors (as a function of temporal frequency) in all genotypes were largely similar. Surprisingly, isolated (L-)cone and rod response properties in the mutant strain were alike. Thus the LIAIS mouse warrants a more comprehensive in vivo assessment of photoreceptor subtype-specific physiology, because it overcomes the hindrance of overlapping spectral sensitivities present in the normal mouse. keywords electrophysiology; mouse; photoreceptors; silent substitution IN RECENT YEARS, THE MOUSE has been the mainstay model for studying the physiology of the retina and retinal diseases. In vivo studies of retinal electrophysiology can be achieved by electroretinography (ERG). This method is noninvasive and enables repeated measurements from the same animal. Recent developments in ERG recordings in humans have shown that ERGs not have only a clinical value but also may give information on information processing in major retinogeniculate pathways with relevance for basic visual neuroscience (Kremers and Link 2008;Kremers et al. 2010;Parry et al. 2012). This relevance was recently confirmed for the mouse (Allen et al. 2014). To be able to study retinal signal processing and its disease-related changes, it is of great importance to isolate the responses of single photoreceptor types and record the signals that each elicits downstream. Also, in other studies of the retinal physiology, isolation of photoreceptor responses may lead to a better understanding of the information processing in the retina and for associated visual functions (Brown et al. 2010(Brown et al. , 2...

show abstract

Cone selective adaptation influences L- and M-cone driven signals in electroretinography and psychophysics, by Kremers, Stepien, Scholl & Saito

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

The Pupillary Response to Color and Luminance Variant Multifocal Stimuli

The Pupillary Response to Color and Luminance Variant Multifocal Stimuli

Organization of the Human Trichromatic Cone Mosaic

Rod- and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About