Conductometric gas sensor based on p-type GaN hexagonal pits /PANI for trace-level NH3 detection at room temperature

Recent progress in polyaniline-based chemiresistive flexible gas sensors: design, nanostructures, and composite materials

“…4. 23 The interaction of NH 3 molecules with chemisorbed oxygen anions returns the trapped electrons to the surface of the gas sensing material, which will broaden the hole depletion layer. This mechanism is usually employed to explain the gas response when PANI forms a heterojunction with other semiconductors.…”

Advances in 2D Materials Based Gas Sensors for Industrial Machine Olfactory Applications

“…In the synthesis and processing industry, due to the potential leakage risk and the hazardous properties of these raw gas materials (Table ), it is essential to implement effective leakage detection to prevent leaked gases from posing immediate health risks to on-site personnel and causing chronic ecological harm to the nearby atmospheric environment. For NH 3 used in producing chemicals such as urea, fertilizers, amines, and ammonium compounds, a leak concentration of 150 to 700 ppm (ppm) can cause physiological discomfort and irreversible organ damage to the human body. , Furthermore, when the leak concentration rises from 16% to 25%, the mixture of NH 3 and air poses an explosion risk . In manufacturing semiconductor devices or producing bleaching agents, inadvertent leakage of NO and NO 2 into the atmosphere can cause substantial harm to the respiratory system .…”

“…For NH 3 used in producing chemicals such as urea, fertilizers, amines, and ammonium compounds, a leak concentration of 150 to 700 ppm (ppm) can cause physiological discomfort and irreversible organ damage to the human body. 41,42 Furthermore, when the leak concentration rises from 16% to 25%, the mixture of NH 3 and air poses an explosion risk. 43 In manufacturing semiconductor devices or producing bleaching agents, inadvertent leakage of NO and NO 2 into the atmosphere can cause substantial harm to the respiratory system.…”

In Situ-Polymerized PANI/WS2 Nanocomposites for Highly Sensitive Flexible Ammonia Gas Sensors and Respiration Monitoring Devices

“…Despite some of these materials, such as metal–semiconductor oxides, having high sensitivity and fast response and recovery time, they tend to operate at high temperatures of around 200 °C, which cannot be used in wearable flexible sensors in contact with the skin. Therefore, conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI), − polypyrrole (PPy), and poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly­(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS) have attracted much attention in the development of flexible gas sensors. These conductive polymers have been widely studied and applied in gas sensing due to their good electrical conductivity, flexibility, and chemical stability, which provide strong support for the development of high-performance, sensitive, and bendable flexible gas sensors.…”