Conductometric Association Parameters for CdBr₂in the Presence and Absence of Ceftazidime in Water and 30% Ethanol–Water Mixtures

Abstract

The association and thermodynamic association parameters for CdBr 2 were determined by the conductometric method in pure water and in a mixture of water−ethanol (0.30 mass fraction of ethanol) at different temperatures. The values of ion pair association was also calculated and found that CdBr 2 in ceftazidime drug has greater values compared to that in the absence of ceftazidime. Also, the complex formation constants and thermodynamic parameters for complex formation between CdBr 2 with ceftazidime as a ligand were also determined by the conductometric method. From the interaction of CdBr 2 with ceftazidime, two stoichiometric complexes were obtained 1:1 and 1:2. The complex K f and ΔG f are greater in the case of 1:1 than that of 1:2 (CdBr 2 / ceftazidime) complexes in 0% ethanol and in 30% ethanol solvents indicating easier complex formation. The formation constants decreased with increased temperature. The negative values of ΔG f for complexation indicate the spontaneity of the complex formation process and that the spontaneity increased with temperature. The negative values of ΔH f show the exothermic nature of the complexation and indicate that the complexation processes are more favored at low temperatures. The ΔS f values for the complexation are positive, confirming that the complex formation is entropically favorable. Significance of the study is to give a lot of data which can be easily obtained for following the very toxic heavy metal cadmium ions.

A Novel Cyclic Voltamnetric Study for the Selective and Sensitive Electroanalytical Determination of Chromium Picolinate in Absence and Presence of Some Reagents in KBr Medium Using Gold Electrode. Application to Commercial Capsules

“…Also, we noticed that the gold wave number 5 decreased with the addition of more Cr-Pic, proving that this wave prefers reduction to oxidation. The calculations were followed by using the different equations given in previous work [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. The analysis data are given in Table (1) and gures (1,S1 and S2) and all data are increased by increase concentration of Cr-Pic proving the diffusion controlled reaction.…”

Determination of calcium in water samples by using Au-electrode in HCl solution in the absence and presence of a crystal violet and environmental studies

“…The concentration of calcium ions in the wastewater was determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer the value was 6 ppm [33][34][35].…”

Effect of indomethacin on the electrical conductance and electrochemical voltammetry of copper chloride in methanol, ethanol, and their binary mixture with water

“…The peak potentials can provide insights into the thermodynamics and kinetics of these processes. In the presence of ligand, the cyclic voltammogram of metal ions may exhibit changes compared to its behavior in the absence of ligand [ [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] ].…”