Conductivity Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS Films via Phosphoric Acid Treatment for Flexible All-Plastic Solar Cells

Meng, Wei; Ge, Ru; Li, Zaifang; Tong, Jinhui; Liu, Tiefeng; Zhao, Qing; Xiong, Sixing; Jiang, Fangyuan; Mao, Lin; Zhou, Yinhua

doi:10.1021/acsami.5b03309

Cited by 126 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The conductivity could be improved to over 1000 S cm −1 by dropping polar solvent or acid solution on hot PEDOT:PSS films followed by rinsing and drying, [33,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] or by dipping the PEDOT:PSS films in polar solvent or acid. [5,51,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] Despite that high conductivity can be achieved, the post-treatment process involves multiple steps, which will inevitably increase the fabrication cost. Furthermore, quality control and compatibility with fast printing process can be challenging for the post-treatment and rinsing steps.…”

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confidence: 99%

Conductivity Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS via Addition of Chloroplatinic Acid and Its Mechanism

Sun

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

129

103

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light by the devices. Currently indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on rigid glass is used as the standard transparent electrode. However, ITO has several problems including the scarcity of indium on earth and mechanical brittleness, [2][3][4] which not only increase the cost of the electronic devices but also limit its application in flexible devices. Additionally, ITO has inherent problems such as the release of oxygen and indium into the organic layer, poor transparency in blue region and high processing temperature. [5] Therefore, new transparent conductive materials with high mechanical flexibility and low cost are urgently needed to replace ITO. To respond to this need, conducting polymers, [6][7][8][9] carbon-based nanomaterials, [10][11][12][13] metallic nanostructures, [14][15][16][17] and multilayer thin films [18][19][20][21] have been explored as transparent electrode. Among them, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS, chemical structure shown in Scheme 1) has received wide attention due to its high optical transmittance in visible range, excellent mechanical flexibility, superior thermal stability, and compatibility with various printing techniques. [22][23][24][25] However, pristine PEDOT:PSS film exhibits low conductivity of less than 1 S cm −1 , which hinders its use as a transparent electrode. Readily obtained highly conductive, transparent, and flexible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films is urgently needed in printing of flexible transparent electrodes. A simple and facile method to enhance the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films is reported. The conductivity is increased by four orders of magnitude after adding solid chloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtCl 6 ) into the pristine PEDOT:PSS solution. The H 2 PtCl 6 -doped PEDOT:PSS film exhibits a sheet resistance of 44 ± 5 Ω  -1 and a transmittance of 84 ± 1% at 550 nm, corresponding to a figure of merit of 47 ± 4. Comparative study shows addition of solid acid like H 2 PtCl 6 is more effective in conductivity enhancement than addition of polar organic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide or ethylene glycol. The mechanism for the conductivity enhancement is attributed to both in situ doping and phase separation of PEDOT:PSS. PEDOT is oxidized and doped by Pt 4+ of H 2 PtCl 6 , which is reduced simultaneously to Pt 2+ .

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confidence: 99%

Conductivity Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS via Addition of Chloroplatinic Acid and Its Mechanism

Sun

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

129

103

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“…Based on these results, we surmise that the interaction between PANi and PEDOT chains is partly induced by the phytic acid molecules in the PANi chains. Specifically,t he formation of interactions between PEDOTand PANi can be explained as follows:( i) the remaining phosphate groups of phytic acid molecules in the PANi chains could interact with PEDOT chains, [43,44] thus forming crosslinks between PEDOT and PANi chains; and (ii)phytic acid can lead to partial removal of PSS chains (Figure S3 a-c in the Supporting Information) and thus induce the conformation change of PEDOT chains from benzoid structure to quinoid structure ( Figure S3 di nt he Supporting Information), [45,46] whichi se vident from the redshift of the C a = C b stretching vibration peak in the PEDOT/PANi paste and hydrogels from 1438t o1 434 cm À1 compared with untreated PE-DOT:PSS.T he quinoid structure with al ongerc onjugation length is beneficial for more efficient charge delocalization, increasingt he amount of spatially close-lying p orbitals between PEDOT chains and PANi chains and thus enhancing the p-p stacking attraction. [42] The existence of the p-p stacking interactions was further confirmed by XPS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Standing Hydrogels Composed of Conducting Polymers for All‐Hydrogel‐State Supercapacitors

Yang

Shi

Dong

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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Conducting polymerh ydrogels that are capable of contacting with electrolytes at the molecular level, represent an important electrode material. However,t he fabrication of self-standing hydrogels merely composed of conducting polymers is still challenging owing to the absence of reliable methods. Herein, an ovel and facile macromolecular interaction assisted route is reported to fabricate self-standingh ydrogelsc onsisting of polyaniline (PANi:p roviding high electrochemical activity) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT: enabling high electronic conductivity). Owing to the synergistic effect between them, the self-standingh ydrogels possess good mechanical properties and electronic/electrochemicalp erformances, making them an excellent potential electrode for solid-state energy storaged evices.Aproof-ofconcept all-hydrogel-state supercapacitor is fabricated, which exhibits ah igh areal capacitance of 808.2 mF cm À2 , and ah igh energy density of 0.63 mWh cm À3 at high power density of 28.42 mW cm À3 ,s uperior to many recently reported conductingp olymer hydrogels based supercapacitors. This study demonstrates an ovel promising strategy to fabricate self-standingc onducting polymer hydrogels.

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“…[ 23,24 ] This factor has restricted the use of ITO as transparent electrodes in flexible solar cells. [ 25–29 ] Several ITO alternatives as FTEs have been studied over the years, including silver nanowires (Ag NWs), [ 30–32 ] conducting polymers, [ 33–41 ] carbon‐based materials (graphene and carbon nanotubes), [ 18,42–45 ] and many more. [ 46–48 ] Among them, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as transparent conducting polymers showed the most promising potential for cost‐effective flexible devices owing to its exceptional intrinsic flexibility, high transparency, easy film‐processability, and superior thermal stability.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Foldable Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells for Photovoltaic and Photosynthesis

Song

Fanady

Peng

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

123

102

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solution-processability, and lightweight property. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Recently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a single-junction device based on binary photoactive layer system had surpassed the 15-16% boundaries for opaque OSCs and 11-12% boundaries for semitransparent OSCs (ST-OSCs), all of which were fabricated on rigid glass substrates. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Though the PCE had increased remarkably on rigid glass substrates, development of OSCs on flexible substrates particularly for flexible ST-OSCs still lagged behind. [15][16][17][18] To date, the highest reported PCE for flexible ST-OSCs with average visible light transmittance (AVT) of over 20% was just over 10%. [19] Greater attentions should be focused on the development of flexible ST-OSCs due to its promising potentials as power-generating windows/roofs in building-integrated photovoltaics and photovoltaic vehicles. Additionally, one needs to consider the foldability properties of flexible ST-OSCs if advanced applications in 3D curved surfaces (e.g., future foldable roofs in multifunctional selfpowered greenhouse) are to be realized. This situation drove the current works for foldable-flexible ST-OSCs (hereafter referred to as FST-OSCs).Over the years, studies on ST-OSCs and/or FST-OSCs have centered around materials design of the photoactive layer (design of novel donor/acceptor). [6,20,21] Generally, photo active layer is designed to readily absorb solar irradiation in the nearinfrared (NIR) to infrared (IR) region while being partially transparent in the visible light region. These IR-absorbing photoactive layers are particularly favorable for agricultural applications (e.g., common greenhouse) as sunlight in the visible light region can be predominantly transmitted for plants growth. In fact, solar irradiation located in the visible light region (370-740 nm) is mostly responsible for photosynthesis processes in plants for growth. [22] Through this, ST-OSCs and/ or FST-OSCs for photovoltaic and photosynthesis can be realized, proving the future potential of semitransparent devices as windows/roofs in multifunctional self-powered greenhouse.FST-OSCs have several key parameters similar to its rigid counterparts, such as efficiency, transparency, color, and color rendering property. The main distinct feature of FST-OSCs is its mechanical stability against extreme mechanical Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have attracted extensive attention for their potential greenhouse applications. Conventional ST-OSCs are typically based on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes which suffer from mechanical brittleness. Therefore, alternatives for ITO are required for realization of foldable-flexible ST-OSCs (FST-OSCs). Herein, flexible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes are prepared as ITO alternatives via polyhydroxy compound (xylitol) microdoping and acid treatment. As a result, flexible opaque OSCs based on PBDB-T-2F:Y6 photoactive system yield a high efficiency of 14.20%. The desirable optic...

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Conductivity Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS Films via Phosphoric Acid Treatment for Flexible All-Plastic Solar Cells

Abstract: PSS/PEI/P3HT:ICBA/EG-PEDOT:PSS). The cells exhibit an open-circuit voltage of 0.84 V, a fill factor of 0.60, and a power conversion efficiency of 3.3% under 100 mW/cm(2) white light illumination.

Cited by 126 publications

References 36 publications

Conductivity Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS via Addition of Chloroplatinic Acid and Its Mechanism

Conductivity Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS via Addition of Chloroplatinic Acid and Its Mechanism

Self‐Standing Hydrogels Composed of Conducting Polymers for All‐Hydrogel‐State Supercapacitors

Foldable Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells for Photovoltaic and Photosynthesis

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