When
serving as a “precatalyst”, metal-organic frameworks
(MOF) usually incur uncontrollable framework collapse in electrocatalysis.
Herein, we report an anticollapse MOF-supported single-atom Cu precatalyst
for electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia reduction reaction (NARR),
which can be applied in the rechargeable ammonia energy storage (RAES)
technology. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy
(XAS) revealed the association of the formation of real catalytic
sites with the in situ clustering of single-atom
Cu during NARR. Notably, the noncollapse MOF can afford the confined
space to prevent the excessive aggregation of Cu atoms, leading to
uniform ultrasmall nanoclusters (ca. 4 nm). Moreover,
it achieves a maximal Faradaic efficiency toward NH3 of
85.5%, a formation rate of NH3 of 66 μmol h–1 cm–2, and a specific activity of 53.43 mgNH3
h–1 mgCu
–1 in 5 mM NO3
– solution. The specific
activity is found to be at least 3.3 times higher than that of other
reported Cu-based catalysts. Density function theory (DFT) calculation
further confirms the size effect and the host–guest interaction
in facilitating the NO3
– activation and
the reaction energy decrease. Besides, it also exhibits a high selectivity
of ammonia-to-nitrate of 93.3%, displaying great potential in RAES
technology.