Conductive hearing loss in autistic, learning-disabled, and normal children

Smith, Donald E.; Miller, Samuel D.; Stewart, Michael G.; Walter, Timothy L.; McConnell, James V.

doi:10.1007/bf02211818

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The co-occurrence between HL and ASD was first suggested in the 1970s, 42 and it was believed that HL was a possible cause for autism, 43 pointing to social isolation, emotional distress, psychological disorders, and language deficits in children with HL as potential pathways to a subsequent diagnosis of autism. 18,44 Conditions such as cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, bacterial meningitis, rubella and measles have also been proposed as possible risk factors for co-occurrence of HL and ASD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood vision impairment, hearing loss and co-occurring autism spectrum disorder

Kancherla

Braun

Yeargin‐Allsopp

2013

Disability and Health Journal

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Background Limited population-based data on prevalence of childhood vision impairment (VI) and hearing loss (HL), and their co-occurrence with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exists. Objective To examine prevalence and characteristics of VI, HL and co-occurring ASD among 8-year-olds in metropolitan Atlanta 2000–2008. Methods We used data from the population-based Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program. Prevalence, birth and parental characteristics, presence and severity of other co-occurring developmental disabilities, and age of earliest identification of ASD, were examined for children with VI and HL, by co-occurring ASD. Results VI and HL prevalences were 1.2 and 1.3 per 1000 8-year-olds, respectively. Approximately 6–7% of children with VI or HL had co-occurring ASD. Children with VI or HL with co-occurring ASD differed from those without co-occurring ASD by select birth characteristics and the presence of other co-occurring DDs. The median age of earliest known ASD diagnosis was significantly later among children with VI and ASD compared to children with ASD without VI (79 vs. 56 months). Children with HL and ASD were first evaluated by a community provider significantly earlier than those with ASD without HL (40 vs. 50 months). Conclusions The frequency of co-occurring ASD with VI and HL is higher than the population prevalence of ASD. The significant delays in diagnosis of ASD in children with VI and lack of earlier diagnosis of ASD among children with HL despite earlier evaluation highlight the importance of developing screening tools for early identification of ASD among children with VI and HL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood vision impairment, hearing loss and co-occurring autism spectrum disorder

Kancherla

Braun

Yeargin‐Allsopp

2013

Disability and Health Journal

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“…55 Collet et al 56 found hyperacusis in children with ASD, and it was attributed to dysfunction in the medial olivocochlear system. Other investigators found conductive hearing loss 57 and elevated thresholds (less sensitivity to sounds or needing sounds to be louder to hear them) or frank hearing loss. 58,59 Koegel and Schreibman 60 studied a child with ASD who was reported to be deaf to certain sounds but responded normally to other nonspeech sounds.…”

Section: Auditory Dysfunction In Asdmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structural and Functional Aberrations of the Auditory Brainstem in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Smith¹,

Storti²,

Lukose³

et al. 2019

Journal of Osteopathic Medicine

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with difficulties in the social, communicative, and behavioral domains. Most cases of ASD arise from an unknown etiologic process, but there are numerous risk factors, including comorbidities and maternal exposures. Although it is not part of the diagnostic criteria, hearing difficulties ranging from deafness to hyperacusis are present in the majority of persons with ASD. High-functioning children with ASD have been found to have significantly slower and asymmetric auditory brainstem reflexes. Additionally, histopathological studies of postmortem brainstems in decedents who had ASD have consistently revealed significantly fewer neurons in auditory nuclei compared with those in people who did not have ASD. The authors review the literature implicating auditory dysfunction in ASD along with results from human study participants and postmortem human brain tissue. Together, these results implicate significant structural and functional abnormalities in the auditory brainstem in ASD and support the utility of auditory testing to screen for ASD.

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“…Two studies addressed middle ear function in children with autism. Konstantareas and Homatidis 8 and Smith et al 9 reported that fluctuating, negative middle ear pressure was greater than normal among children with ASDs when compared with typically developing peers; however, methodological difficulties attributed to these studies render the findings questionable at best.…”

Section: Audiology: Peripheral Hearing Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Identification of Autism: Roles of the Speech-Language Pathologist and Audiologist on a Transdisciplinary Team

Rabidoux¹

2005

Semin Hear

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Audiologists and speech-language pathologists are frequently two of the earliest professional contacts a family may have when they suspect a child may have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This article will describe the necessity for early, accurate identification and commencement of intervention services for children (and their families) suspected of having an ASD. It will focus on the assessment process after the pediatrician and/or parents identify the need for further evaluation and have referred the family for a comprehensive developmental assessment. Due to the range of syndrome presentations and the potential for multiple areas of developmental concern, diagnosis of a young child suspected of having an ASD can become a complex process. Current best practice suggests the need for a transdisciplinary team approach when evaluating young children with disabilities. Emphasis on the cohesive team process, the role of parents (and caregivers) as active team participants, and specific issues for audiology and speech-language pathology are discussed.Learning Outcomes: As a result of this activity, the participant will be able to (1) describe the benefits of a transdisciplinary model for the early, accurate identification of young children with an autism spectrum disorder; and (2) identify challenges and possible solutions to the assessment process for audiologists and speechlanguage pathologists.

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Conductive hearing loss in autistic, learning-disabled, and normal children

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Childhood vision impairment, hearing loss and co-occurring autism spectrum disorder

Childhood vision impairment, hearing loss and co-occurring autism spectrum disorder

Structural and Functional Aberrations of the Auditory Brainstem in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Early Identification of Autism: Roles of the Speech-Language Pathologist and Audiologist on a Transdisciplinary Team

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