Conductive Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as Hole‐Transporting Layer for Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Zhou, Huiqiong; Zhang, Yuan; Mai, Cheng‐Kang; Collins, Samuel D.; Nguyen, Thuc‐Quyen; Bazan, Guillermo C.; Heeger, Alan J.

doi:10.1002/adma.201302845

Cited by 203 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

171

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…P3CBT, [40] PCPDTBT-SO3-K [41] and PCPDTPhSO3-Na [42] , enabling pinning in the (iii) region under the moderate Φel and the lowest Φh,barrier at the CE/electrode interface regardless of thickness (Table 2 and Fig. S4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fullerene-based electrolyte, e.g., C60-N, [39] C60-SB [39] and BisOMeFPI. [24] In the same way, anionic CEs should have donor -delocalized backbones, e.g.P3CBT, [40] PCPDTBT-SO3-K [41] and PCPDTPhSO3-Na [42] , enabling pinning in the (iii) region under the moderate Φel and the lowest Φh,barrier at the CE/electrode interface regardless of thickness (Table 2 and Fig. S4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Regular Energetics at Conjugated Electrolyte/Electrode Modifier for Organic Electronics and their Implications on Design Rules

Bao

Liu

Wang

et al. 2015

Adv Materials Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionPolymer-based electronic devices such as transistors, light emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells are considered to be an attractive technology with the potential advantages of high throughput, low manufacturing cost, light weight, and mechanical flexibility. [1][2][3] All such stacked devices contain several interfaces, e.g. electrode/organic and/or organic/organic, that significantly play a role in the device performance. Consequently much effort has been invested in tailoring electrodes using interlayers to optimize charge injection/extraction. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Recent reports have demonstrated that conjugated electrolytes (CEs) containing a -delocalized backbone and pendant ionic groups are very efficient charge injection/extraction interlayers for device operation, [12][13][14] as they can effectively tune the work function of metal electrodes. [12,15] Furthermore, the ionic groups render the CEs soluble in polar solvents, allowing the subsequent coating process of the organic layer with no damage to or intermixing with the underlying semiconducting polymer layer that typically is deposited with non-polar solvents. [16] Finally, since CEs feature -conjugated backbones they are reasonably efficient at transporting charge so that the relatively thick films obtained in printing processes could in theory be used without significant loss in device efficiency. The use of CEs for interface engineering in (printed) polymer electronics hence is very attractive and much effort consequently has been invested into understanding the mechanisms for non-conjugated and conjugated electrolyte-based work function modification resulting in several different models recently being presented. [15,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] One approach sets the work function modification by the electrolyte as a pure interface effect where one of the charged species can achieve a more intimate contact with the electrode surface by e.g. being more mobile than the counter charge. [18] When the ions are located close to the interface, the Ion + and Ion -can interact with their respective induced image charge on the substrate, and since one of the ion species are more mobile, e.g. Ion + , those ions will move closer to the substrate and as a consequence form a "double dipole step" up-shifting the work function. [18] If the Ion -is more mobile, a double dipole step down-shifting the work function instead is formed. This effect only occurs at the interface and hence is film thickness independent. It also occurs independently of the substrate work function, but the size of the double dipole step is generally larger for metal electrodes than semiconductors (and ~negligible for insulator substrates).[18] For systems where both charges are equally mobile/immobile, e.g. zwitterion-based electrolytes, (partial) alignment of the ion-containing side chains through either interaction with the electrode at the interface or (bulk) realignment through an electric field will create dipole-induced potential steps. [21][22][23] Besides t...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular Energetics at Conjugated Electrolyte/Electrode Modifier for Organic Electronics and their Implications on Design Rules

Bao

Liu

Wang

et al. 2015

Adv Materials Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells has been noticeably improved up to 8%–10% for single‐stack devices and 11.5% for tandem devices,7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 since early works for the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) concept and the BHJ nanomorphology control 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. Interestingly, most of the high‐efficiency (>8%) organic solar cells are fabricated with blends of conjugated polymers and soluble fullerenes, the so‐called polymer:fullerene solar cells, because fullerene derivatives possess desirable energy band structures and high electron mobilities 26, 27, 28…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Stability Enhancement in High‐Efficiency Polymer:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells by Blocking Ultraviolet Photons from Solar Light

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Achievement of extremely high stability for inverted‐type polymer:fullerene solar cells is reported, which have bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layers consisting of poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐alt‐3‐fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylate] (PTB7‐Th) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), by employing UV‐cut filter (UCF) that is mounted on the front of glass substrates. The UCF can block most of UV photons below 403 nm at the expense of ≈20% reduction in the total intensity of solar light. Results show that the PTB7‐Th:PC71BM solar cell with UCF exhibits extremely slow decay in power conversion efficiency (PCE) but a rapidly decayed PCE is measured for the device without UCF. The poor device stability without UCF is ascribed to the oxidative degradation of constituent materials in the BHJ layers, which give rise to the formation of PC71BM aggregates, as measured with high resolution and scanning transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The device stability cannot be improved by simply inserting poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) interfacial layer without UCF, whereas the lifetime of the PEI‐inserted PTB7‐Th:PC71BM solar cells is significantly enhanced when UCF is attached.

show abstract

“…Significant improvements have been achieved in understanding the correlations between polymer structure and photovoltaic performance, which have helped to boost the power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 7% in several well-known backbones, such as benzodithiophene (BDT) and thienothiophene (TT) (PBDT-TT) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], BDT and benzothiadiazole (BT) (PBDT-BT) [29,30], BDT and thienopyrroledione (TPD) (PBDT-TPD) [31], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the alkyl substitution position on photovoltaic properties of 2D-BDT-based conjugated polymers

Yao

Fan

et al. 2015

Sci. China Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conductive Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as Hole‐Transporting Layer for Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Cited by 203 publications

References 34 publications

Regular Energetics at Conjugated Electrolyte/Electrode Modifier for Organic Electronics and their Implications on Design Rules

Regular Energetics at Conjugated Electrolyte/Electrode Modifier for Organic Electronics and their Implications on Design Rules

Significant Stability Enhancement in High‐Efficiency Polymer:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells by Blocking Ultraviolet Photons from Solar Light

Influence of the alkyl substitution position on photovoltaic properties of 2D-BDT-based conjugated polymers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About