Conducting field experiments using eLancing's natural environment

Motivating employee referrals: The interactive effects of the referral bonus, perceived risk in referring, and affective commitment

“…Participants were recruited from Qualtrics' (http://www.qualtrics.com) panel sample to participate in a web‐based survey. Recent organizational research has used such a sampling strategy as a reliable data source (e.g., Courtright, Gardner, Smith, McCormick, & Colbert, ; DeCelles, DeRue, Margolis, & Ceranic, ; Long, Bendersky, & Morrill, ), which helps minimize concerns about external validity (Aguinis & Lawal, ). As detailed below, we took several conservative precautions to preserve the internal and external validity of these data.…”

Business Failure and Entrepreneurship: Emergence, Evolution and Future Research

“…The landscape is slowly starting to change; a recent review found 40 articles in 29 academic journals publishing entrepreneurship research, which use experimental methods to explore a range of entrepreneurship topics, between 2000 and 2015 [Wieland et al, 2016]. However each methodological approach is not without challenge; for longitudinal and experimental designs the challenge is external validity, for quasi-experimental design it is construct validity, for non-experimental design it is internal validity, and for qualitative research the challenges include internal, construct and statistical conclusion validity [Scandura andWilliams, 2000, Aguinis andLawal, 2012].…”

“…A challenge of field experimentation is the logistical and practical issues of conducting them, particularly at a scale sufficient enough for studying high-variance social phenomena [Chen andKonstan, 2015, Aguinis andLawal, 2012]. Natural experiments, on the other hand, are the empirical study of individuals or firms that are naturally exposed to either experimental or control conditions, whereby the assignment of the condition is beyond the control of the researcher, as such it is considered a natural assignment.…”

“…Natural experiments, on the other hand, are the empirical study of individuals or firms that are naturally exposed to either experimental or control conditions, whereby the assignment of the condition is beyond the control of the researcher, as such it is considered a natural assignment. External validity can be a challenge for experimental designs [Aguinis and Lawal, 2012] particularly if the sample is not representative or if there is selection bias. Longitudinal designs and natural experiments on the topic of failure can be difficult given the lack of ex-ante knowledge regarding failure; however wisely selecting a particular industry can overcome some of the ex-ante difficulties.…”

Desafios Atuais E Caminhos Promissores Para a Pesquisa Em Empreendedorismo

“…showing how the variables impact each other (Williams et al, 2019); and (4) the fact that few studies are experimental (Aguinis & Lawal, 2012;Hsu, Simmons, & Wieland, 2017;Williams et al, 2019). It is important to note that experimental methods help determine which variables take precedence, establish the causal direction between them, and identify the alternative explanations to be ruled…”