Conductas sexuales por sexo en población universitaria chilena que demanda test rápido de VIH

Abstract

Objetivo: Caracterizar por sexo una población universitaria que accedió voluntariamente a una prueba de detección rápida del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Método: Estudio analítico de 3864 universitarios/as. Variables: sociodemográficas y académicas, comportamiento sexual, prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual (autorreporte) y motivos para realizarse el test rápido. Resultados: El 61,4% son mujeres, edad media 21,64 años, edad de inicio de la actividad sexual 17,01 años. Actividad sexual casual: 36,8%, destacando los hombres (p < 0,001). Sexo anal: 44,5%. Prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual: 7,5%, destacando los hombres en gonorrea (p < 0,001) y sífilis (p = 0,032). Test rápido VIH (+): 0,2%. Consumo de sustancias durante la actividad sexual: 50%. El 41,1% nunca pregunta a su contacto sexual el estado serológico de VIH, destacando los hombres (p < 0,001), y el 64,4% no sabe si ha tenido una pareja sexual VIH (+), destacando los hombres (p < 0,001). El 16,5% siempre ha usado preservativo, destacando las mujeres (p = < 0,001). El 26,21% usa redes sociales para encuentros sexuales, con diferencias por sexo. Conclusiones: Las mujeres demandan más el test rápido de VIH que los hombres. Existen conductas de riesgo y diferencias por sexo: poco uso del preservativo, relaciones sexuales casuales y bajo la influencia de sustancias, prácticas sexuales anales y orales sin protección, desconocer el estado serológico de su contacto sexual y uso de redes sociales para encuentros sexuales.

Sexual and reproductive health of university students with a gender and ethnicity focus before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Regarding the number of university women and men who underwent HIV testing, the results show that 32.4% and 27.4%, respectively, had done so. These ndings align with the study by Contreras-García (10), in which women showed a higher demand for rapid HIV testing compared to men. However, evidence is inconsistent, as a Canadian study states that when the test is offered, the majority of individuals who decide to take it are men who have sex with men and those who acknowledge engaging in risky sexual behaviours such as unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal sex (29).…”

“…National studies in 2018 indicated that 2.7% of Chileans between 20 and 24 years old acknowledged having received an STI diagnosis (23), which is lower than our nding. However, another nationwide study found a 7.5% prevalence of self-reported STI diagnosis among university students (10), which is similar to our study but lower than the prevalence found among young people in Ethiopia, where the prevalence was 18.2% (24). It is important to emphasize the need to study the factors associated with STI transmission in the university population, which, as previously mentioned, is a high-risk group, rather than solely focusing on isolated prevalences.…”

“…Literature suggests the presence of distinct biological and social factors that potentially render women more susceptible to STIs and AIDS than their male counterparts (9). It is noteworthy that Chilean women tend to undertake HIV testing more frequently than men (10). Paradoxically, the data regarding the use of protective methods reveal that despite women exhibiting superior knowledge of protective measures than men, men report a higher usage (11).…”