Conduct Disorder and Initiation of Substance Use: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Hopfer, Christian J.; Salomonsen‐Sautel, Stacy; Mikulich‐Gilbertson, Susan K.; Min, Sung‐Joon; McQueen, Matt; Crowley, Thomas J.; Young, Susan E.; Corley, Robin P.; Sakai, Joseph T.; Thurstone, Christian; Hoffenberg, Analice; Hartman, Christie A.; Hewitt, John K.

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.02.014

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It would appear that from these two sets of results, variables that are typically good predictors of levels of substance use do not discriminate strongly between early and later initiators of inhalants. This seems to be in conflict with prior studies that find higher risk for physiologic, behavioral, and psychological problems among early initiators (Brouette & Anton, 2001; Hopfer et al, 2013; Howard et al, 2010). Two factors may help explain this apparent contradiction.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Furthermore, this difficult distinction is true both for American Indian and White youth. Given the association of early inhalant initiation with many negative outcomes (Brouette & Anton, 2001; Hopfer et al, 2013; Howard et al, 2010), it would be reasonable to suspect that key risk factors would help differentiate these two groups. But the current results do not support this model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy/chronic inhalant use leads to multiple psychosocial problems that include conduct disorder and other behavioral problems including antisocial and violent characteristics, and use of other drugs (Hopfer et al, 2013; Howard et al, 2010). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderating effects of perceived social benefits on inhalant initiation among American Indian and White youth.

Swaim¹

2016

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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This study examined whether perceived social benefits moderated the relationship between social influence variables (school attachment, peer inhalant use, perceived family caring, parental monitoring) and stage of inhalant initiation (Study 1), and lifetime inhalant use (Study 2). Participants were 7th–12th grade students attending schools on or near American Indian reservations with comparisons made between American Indian and White students. A total of 3498 American Indian and 1596 White students were surveyed. Differences in mean levels of social influence variables were found across ethnicity and stage of inhalant initiation and lifetime inhalant use. SEM models were evaluated to examine variable relationships for the two studies. For Study 1, social influence variables did not clearly differentiate early versus later inhalant initiators, and perceived social benefits failed to serve as a moderator. More differences were observed between users and non-users across measures of social influence (Study 2). Perceived social benefits generally did not moderate the relationships with two exceptions. Low perceived social benefits provided greater protection against the influence of peers on lifetime inhalant use among White students, while high perceived social benefits increased risk of peer influence among American Indian students.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderating effects of perceived social benefits on inhalant initiation among American Indian and White youth.

Swaim¹

2016

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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“…2,6 Early environmental factors that predict CD at ages 14 to 16 include low SES, childhood adversity, parental substance use disorder (SUD), negative home environment, and delinquent peers. 7 American Indian (AI) and other Indigenous youth are disproportionately exposed to these poverty- and family adversity-related risks, 8 in large part due to current and historical factors (e.g., forced relocation, boarding schools, social marginalization), and thus may be particularly at risk for CD and related negative outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conduct Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder Trajectories, Predictors, and Outcomes for Indigenous Youth

Greenfield

Sittner

Forbes

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective Identify separate and joint trajectories of conduct disorder (CD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) DSM-IV diagnostic symptoms among American Indian and First Nation (Indigenous) youth ages 10-18. Characterize baseline profiles and later outcomes associated with joint trajectory group membership. Method Data were collected between 2002 and 2010 on three indigenous reservations in the northern Midwest and four Canadian reserves (N = 673). CD and substance use disorder (SUD) were measured using the DSM-IV Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Revised (DISC-R), administered at four time points. Results Using group-based trajectory modeling, three CD and four AUD trajectories were found. Both had a small group with high symptoms, but the largest groups for both had no symptoms (55% and 73%, respectively). CD symptom trajectories began at age 10 and peaked at age 14; AUD trajectories began at age 12 and were highest from age 16 on. Eight joint trajectories were identified. Fifty-three percent of the sample fell into the group with no CD or AUD symptoms. Compared to symptomatic groups, this group had greater caretaker warmth, positive school adjustment, less discrimination, fewer deviant peers, and were less likely to have a caretaker with major depression at baseline. Symptomatic groups had higher odds of high school dropout, sex under the influence, and arrest at age 17-20. Conclusion Despite significant risk factors, a large proportion of Indigenous youth had no CD-SUD symptoms over time. CD-SUD symptoms have multiple development trajectories and are related to early developmental risk and later psychosocial outcomes.

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“…Among adolescents whose externalizing behavior problems are severe enough to merit entry into substance use disorder treatment, very high prevalence of CD is generally seen (Dennis et al, 2004), with more than 80% of such youths having CD in some studies (Sakai, Hall, Mikulich-Gilbertson and Crowley, 2004). While a good deal of work has characterized SUD youths with CD in terms of their longitudinal course and associated co-morbid disorders (e.g., Crowley and Riggs, 1995; Walters, 2014; Hopfer et al, 2013), recent findings have suggested that CD is a relatively heterogeneous phenotype and that CD youth might be meaningfully divided based on callous-unemotional traits (e.g., Frick and White, 2008). After reviewing evidence showing that callous-unemotional traits are measurable in childhood (Frick and Ellis, 1999), stable (Frick and White, 2008), and predict worse outcomes (Frick and White, 2008; Frick, Cornell, Barry, Bodin and Dane, 2003; Frick and Dickens, 2006), the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders' (DSM-5) ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Work Group developed and described methods for categorical identification of callous-unemotional traits (Frick and Moffitt, 2012) and included a “limited prosocial emotions” (LPE) specifier for the CD diagnosis in DSM-5 (APA, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Male Conduct-Disordered Patients in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Examining the “Limited Prosocial Emotions” Specifier

Sakai

Mikulich‐Gilbertson

Young

et al. 2016

Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse

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To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the DSM-5-defined conduct disorder (CD) with limited prosocial emotions (LPE) among adolescents in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, despite the high rates of CD in this population. We tested previously published methods of LPE categorization in a sample of male conduct-disordered patients in SUD treatment (n=196). CD with LPE patients did not demonstrate a distinct pattern in terms of demographics or co-morbidity regardless of the categorization method utilized. In conclusion, LPE, as operationalized here, does not identify a distinct subgroup of patients based on psychiatric comorbidity, SUD diagnoses, or demographics.

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Conduct Disorder and Initiation of Substance Use: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Cited by 52 publications

References 32 publications

Moderating effects of perceived social benefits on inhalant initiation among American Indian and White youth.

Moderating effects of perceived social benefits on inhalant initiation among American Indian and White youth.

Conduct Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder Trajectories, Predictors, and Outcomes for Indigenous Youth

Adolescent Male Conduct-Disordered Patients in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Examining the “Limited Prosocial Emotions” Specifier

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