Conditions Underlying the Infection of Wounds

Single versus Double Blade Technique for Skin Incision and Deep Dissection in Surgery for Closed Fracture: A Prospective Randomised Control Study

“…Respectively in the single and double blade groups, the incidence of SSI was 4.35% (95% CI=0. 18 Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the single and double blade groups * Table 2 Patients with positive culture in any of the surgical or control blade or surgical site in the single blade group Table 3 Patients with positive culture in any of the skin, deep, or control blade or surgucial site in the double blade group * Data are presented as mean (range) or no. of patients 8.5%) and 5.43% (95% CI=0.8-10.06%) based on intention-to-treat analysis, and was 4.49% (95% CI=0.19-8.79%) and 5.49% (95% CI=0.81-10.17%) based on per protocol analysis, with the difference in incidence being -1.09% (95% CI= -0.0899 to 0.0681); the negative value indicated in favour of the single blade group.…”

“…The practice of changing surgical blade after skin incision to prevent SSI can be traced back to the pre-antibiotic era in which microorganisms were isolated from sweat and surgically prepared skin. 18,19 Changing blades became a routine practice following introduction of the 'no touch technique'. 20 Skin harbours microorganisms, mostly bacteria, which can be broadly divided into resident flora that permanently reside on skin in superficial layers of the epidermis and the appendages, and transient flora that is transferred from the environment to the skin for a short period.…”

Bacteria in Muscular Tissues and Blood of Apparently Normal Animals

“…On the basis of many reports (e.g., Wyssokowitsch, 1886;Neisser, 1896;Th6le, 1912;Haas, 1922) we may infer that bacterial invasion from the healthy intestinal tract is not a common occurrence, but that it readily takes place under conditions of more or less severe pathological alterations of the intestinal wall (Waterhouse, 1890;Maklezow, 1897;Buchbinder, 1900;Erkes, 1918). However, it is generally agreed (Welch, 1891;Schott, 1901;Klimenko, 1904;Moody and Irons, 1923) that a perfectly healthy intestinal wall is rare, even in apparently healthy animals, and it is therefore probable that bacterial invasion from the intestinal tract takes place in animals of apparently good health.…”

A case of exudative pleuritis caused by Staphylococcus warneri

“…As long ago as 1891, the American pathologist William H. Welch, in his work 'Conditions underlying the infection of wounds', pointed out the obvious fact that bacteria are responsible for wound infection. He also described Staphylococcus epidermidis albus, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, as a bacterium that almost constantly colonises human skin, but also presented it as a potential pathogen that could be responsible for wound infection [1,2]. With the continuous development of medicine, including the increasing use of invasive techniques, the importance of coagulasenegative staphylococci is increasing significantly [3,4,5,6,7].…”