Conditions of vein formation in the southern Appalachian foreland: constraints from vein geometries and fluid inclusions

Foreman, J. Lincoln; Dunne, William M.

doi:10.1016/0191-8141(91)90076-u

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For example, identical fluid inclusion data were reported for both, bed-normal and bed-parallel calcite veins in shale and interbedded limestones (Foreman and Dunne 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

P-T conditions of quartz-calcite boudins and vein formation within a low-angle detachment fault in Tinos Island (Aegean Sea): a fluid-inclusion study

Vapnik

Avigad

2004

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Fluid inclusions were investigated in successive generations of quartz-calcite boudins and veins in the vicinity of, and within, the low-angle detachment fault (of Early Miocene age) exposed on Tinos Island (Cyclades, Greece). Abundant boudins, veins, tension gashes and mineral segregations were formed during various stages of ductile and brittle shear along the detachment indicating fluid flow at various crustal levels, assisted motion and slip along the detachment. Three generations of fluid inclusions were identified: (1) syn-deformation aqueous inclusions; (2) local-late-deformation H 2 O-CO 2 inclusions; (3) post-slip deformation, partly decrepitated aqueous and H 2 O-CO 2 inclusions. The conditions of inclusion trapping correspond to the greenschist facies, at temperatures between 300 and 450C and pressures in the range of 1.5-4.0 kb. A gradient of pressure of about 0.5 kb from the fault zone to the rocks of upper and lower plates is suggested. The results indicate that the syn-deformation fluid was NaCl-KCl-sulfate-dominated with a salinity of about 5 wt% NaCl equiv. Downward infiltration of meteoric water is a suitable source for this fluid. During the late stage of fault activity, in the brittle field, fluid was of H 2 O-CO 2 composition. Very rapid exhumation of the entire section (unrelated to motion on the investigated fault) is marked by numerous decrepitation clusters of the fluid inclusions.

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“…For example, identical fluid inclusion data were reported for both, bed-normal and bed-parallel calcite veins in shale and interbedded limestones (Foreman and Dunne 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

P-T conditions of quartz-calcite boudins and vein formation within a low-angle detachment fault in Tinos Island (Aegean Sea): a fluid-inclusion study

Vapnik

Avigad

2004

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…Fractures and faults are particularly important because these largely control groundwater flow in Bear Creek Foreman and Dunne (1991) and Hatcher et al (1992). These include bedding plane fractures that strike approximately N55°E and dip approximately 45°t o the southeast, bedding-perpendicular strike-parallel joints that strike approximately N41°E, dipping 45°to the northwest, and other joint sets that strike obliquely (N15°E and E-W) or at high angles to the strike of the formations, including those joints trending approximately perpendicular to strike (N54°W, dip 54°SW).…”

Section: Geological and Hydrogeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of cross-valley faults in the Maynardville Limestone, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee, using seismic refraction tomography

Atre

Carpenter

2009

Environ Earth Sci

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First arrival times from P-wave refraction and reflection seismic surveys along Bear Creek Valley on the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee, were inverted to produce refraction tomographic velocity images showing seismic velocity variations within thinly mantled karstic bedrock to a depth of approximately 20 m. Inverted velocities are consistent with two distinct bedrock groups: the Nolichucky Shale (2,730-5,150 m/s) and Maynardville Limestone (3,940-7,575 m/s). Low-velocity zones (2,700-4,000 m/s) in the tomographic images correspond to previously inferred cross-valley strike-slip faults; in places, these faults create permeability barriers that offset or block groundwater flowing along Bear Creek Valley. These faults may also force groundwater contaminants, such as dense non-aqueous phase liquids, to migrate laterally or downward, spreading contamination throughout the groundwater system. Other, previously unmapped cross-valley faults may also be visible in the tomographic images. Borehole logs suggest the low-velocity values are caused by low rigidity fractured and vuggy rock, water zones, cavities and collapse features. Surface streams, including Bear Creek, tend to lie directly above these low-velocity zones, suggesting fault and fracture control of surface drainage, in addition to the subsurface flow system. In some cases, fault zones are also associated with bedrock depressions and thicker accumulations of unconsolidated sediment.

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“…1990; Vrolijk & Sheppard 1991; Fisher 1996). Fluid inclusions trapped within vein‐filling minerals provide a record of the temperature and fluid pressure at the time of vein formation (Vrolijk 1987; Foreman & Dunne 1991; Xu 1997). Thus, the microthermometry of fluid inclusions is a useful method for estimating the temperature and fluid pressure within low‐grade accretionary complexes (Sakaguchi 1996, 1999; Lewis et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Cretaceous Shimanto accretionary complex, central Japan: Constraints from a fluid inclusion analysis of syn‐tectonic veins

Hara¹,

Hisada

2007

Island Arc

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Micro-thermometry of water-rich fluid inclusions from two syn-tectonic veins sets (D1 and D2 veins) in the Otaki Group, part of the Cretaceous Shimanto accretionary complex of the Kanto Mountains, central Japan reveals the following tectono-metamorphic evolution. Combining the results of microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions from D1 veins with an assumed geothermal gradient of 20-50°C/km indicates that the temperature and fluid pressure conditions during D1 were 270-300°C and 140-190 MPa, respectively. Peak metamorphic conditions during the development of D2 slaty cleavage involved temperatures in excess of 300°C and fluid pressures greater than 270 MPa, based on analyses of microthermometry of water-rich fluid inclusions from the D2 vein and illite crystallinity. The estimated fluid pressure increased by approximately 80 MPa from D1 accretionary processes to metamorphism and slaty cleavage development during D2. Assuming that fluid pressure reached lithostatic pressure, the observed increase in fluid pressure can be accounted for by thrusting of the Jurassic Chichibu accretionary complex over the Cretaceous Shimanto accretionary complex. Following thrusting, both accretionary complexes were subjected to metamorphism during the latest Cretaceous.

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Conditions of vein formation in the southern Appalachian foreland: constraints from vein geometries and fluid inclusions

Cited by 28 publications

References 53 publications

P-T conditions of quartz-calcite boudins and vein formation within a low-angle detachment fault in Tinos Island (Aegean Sea): a fluid-inclusion study

P-T conditions of quartz-calcite boudins and vein formation within a low-angle detachment fault in Tinos Island (Aegean Sea): a fluid-inclusion study

Identification of cross-valley faults in the Maynardville Limestone, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee, using seismic refraction tomography

Tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Cretaceous Shimanto accretionary complex, central Japan: Constraints from a fluid inclusion analysis of syn‐tectonic veins

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