Abstract:Carex rugulosa Kük. forms large meadows in moist zones along estuarine riversides. These meadows are usually maintained by rhizomatous ramet production (clonal growth), and the appearance of seedlings is uncommon. We studied the conditions required for seedling establishment. In areas in which clonal ramets were dense (906-1050/m 2 ), and the relative light intensity at ground level was low (0.8-3.8%), seed germination was entirely suppressed. In contrast, many seedlings (288-513/m 2 ) were observed in areas i… Show more
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